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Andy Gardner
Researcher at University of St Andrews
Publications - 256
Citations - 16470
Andy Gardner is an academic researcher from University of St Andrews. The author has contributed to research in topics: Kin selection & Claudication. The author has an hindex of 60, co-authored 245 publications receiving 14914 citations. Previous affiliations of Andy Gardner include University of Oxford & Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência.
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Social semantics: altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection.
TL;DR: The aim here is to address issues of semantic confusion that have arisen with research on the problem of cooperation, and to emphasize the need to distinguish between proximate (mechanism) and ultimate (survival value) explanations of behaviours.
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Social evolution theory for microorganisms
TL;DR: A conceptual overview of the different mechanisms through which cooperative behaviours can be stabilized is provided, emphasizing the aspects most relevant to microorganisms, the novel problems that microorganisms pose and the new insights that can be gained from applying evolutionary theory to micro organisms.
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Evolutionary Explanations for Cooperation
TL;DR: A theoretical framework that can explain cooperation at all levels of biological organisation is developed and how it may be applied to real organisms is illustrated and future directions are discussed.
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The Social Lives of Microbes
TL;DR: The aim here is to review social behaviors of microbes, emphasizing the unique opportunities they offer for testing existing evolutionary theory as well as highlighting the novel theoretical problems that they pose.
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Sixteen common misconceptions about the evolution of cooperation in humans
TL;DR: The aim here is to provide an accessible overview of social evolution theory and the evolutionary work on cooperation, emphasising common misconceptions.