The Logic of Violence in Civil War: List of Tables and Figures

Anthropologists engaged in post-colonial studies are increasingly adopting an historical perspective and using archives. Yet their archival activity tends to remain more an extractive than an ethnographic one. Documents are thus still invoked piecemeal to confirm the colonial invention of certain practices or to underscore cultural claims, silent. Yet such mining of thecontent of government commissions, reports, and other archival sources rarely pays attention to their peculiar placement andform. Scholars need to move from archive-assource to archive-as-subject. This article, using document production in the Dutch East Indies as an illustration, argues that scholars should view archives not as sites of knowledge retrieval, but of knowledge production, as monuments of states as well as sites of state ethnography. This requires a sustained engagement with archives as cultural agents of “fact” production, of taxonomies in the making, and of state authority. What constitutes the archive, what form it takes, and what systems of classification and epistemology signal at specific times are (and reflect) critical features of colonial politics and state power. The archive was the supreme technology of the late nineteenth-century imperial state, a repository of codified beliefs that clustered (and bore witness to) connections between secrecy, the law, and power.

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Colonial archives and the arts of governance

How large are the benefits of transportation infrastructure projects, and what explains these benefits? To shed new light on these questions, I collect archival data from colonial India and use it to estimate the impact of India's vast railroad network. Guided by six predictions from a general equilibrium trade model, I find that railroads: (1) decreased trade costs and interregional price gaps; (2) increased interregional and international trade; (3) eliminated the responsiveness of local prices to local productivity shocks (but increased the transmission of these shocks between regions); (4) increased the level of real income (but harmed neighboring regions without railroad access); (5) decreased the volatility of real income; and (6), a sufficient statistic for the effect of railroads on welfare in the model accounts for virtually all of the observed reduced-form impact of railroads on real income. I find similar results from an instrumental variable specification, no spurious effects from over 40,000 km of lines that were approved but never built, and tight bounds on the estimated impact of railroads. These results suggest that transportation infrastructure projects can improve welfare significantly, and do so because they allow regions to exploit gains from trade.

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Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure

The first proper global account of the place of technology in twentieth century history, this brilliant, thought-provoking book will radically revise our understanding of the relationship between technology and society. Whereas standard histories of technology give tired old accounts of the usual inventions - planes, bombs - "The Shock of the Old" is based on a different idea. Its thrust is that for the full picture of the history of technology we need to know not about what a few people invented, but about what everyday people used - and when they actually used things, if it was a long time after invention. It, therefore, reassesses the significance of, for example, the Pill and IT, and shows the continued importance of technology, such as corrugated iron and sewing machines. In taking this approach, "The Shock of the Old" challenges the idea that we live in an era of ever increasing change and so dismisses naivetes about 'the information age'. Interweaving political, economic and cultural history, it will show what it means to think critically about technology and its importance.

The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900

Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II

List Of Illustrations.List Of Tables And Maps.Series Editor's Preface.Acknowledgements.Introduction.The Organization Of The Book.Problem One: 'Prime Movers' And The Economic Factor.Problem Two: Global History And Post-Modernism.Problem Three: The Continuing 'Riddle Of The Modern'.Conforming To Standards In Bodily Practice.Building Out From The Body: Communications And Complexity.Afterword.Part I: The End of The Old Regime:.1. Old Regimes And 'Archaic Globalisation':.Peasants And Lords.The Politics Of Difference.Powers On The Fringes Of States.Harbingers Of New Political Formations.The Pre-History Of 'Globalisation'.'Archaic' And Early Modern Globalisation.Prospect.2. Passages From The Old Regimes To Modernity:.The 'Last Great Domestication' And 'Industrious Revolutions'.New Patterns Of Afro-Asian Material Culture, Production And Trade.The Internal And External Limits Of Afro-Asian 'Industrious Revolutions.'.Trade, Finance And Innovation: European Competitive Advantages.The Activist, Patriotic State Evolves.Critical Publics.The Development Of Asian And African Ecumenes.Conclusion: 'Backwardness', Lags And Conjunctures.3. Convergent Revolutions, 1780-1820:.Contemporaries Ponder The World Crisis.A Summary Anatomy Of The World Crisis, C. 1720-1820.Sapping The Legitimacy Of The State: From France To China.The Ideological Origins Of The Modern State.Nationalities Versus States And Empires.The Third Revolution: Polite And Commercial Peoples Worldwide.Prospect.Part II: The Modern World In Genesis:.4. Between World Revolutions, C. 1815-1860.Assessing The 'Wreck Of Nations'.British Maritime Supremacy, World Trade And Agrarian Recovery.Emigration: A Safety Valve.The Losers In The 'New World Order', C. 1815-65.Problems Of Hybrid Legitimacy - Whose State Was It?.The State Gains Strength - But Not Enough.Wars Of Legitimacy In Asia: A Summary Account.Economic And Ideological Roots Of The Asian Revolutions.The Years Of Hunger And Rebellion In Europe, 1848-51.The American Civil War As A Global Event.Convergence Or Difference?.Reviewing The Argument.5. Industrialisation And The New City:.Historians, Industrialisation And Cities.The Progress Of Industrialisation.Cities As Centres Of Production And Consumption.The Urban Impact Of The Global Crisis, 1780-1820.Race And Class In The New City.Working Class Politics.World-Wide Urban Cultures And Their Critics.Conclusion.6. Nation, Empire And Ethnicity: C. 1860-1900:.'Theories' Of Nationalism.When Was Nationalism?.Whose Nationalism?.Perpetuating Nationalisms: Memories, National Associations And Print.From Community To Nation: The Eurasian Empires.Where We Stand With Nationalism.Peoples Without States Persecution Or Assimilation?.Imperialism And Its History In The Late Nineteenth Century.Dimension Of The 'New Imperialism'.A World Of Nation States?.The Persistence Of Old Patterns Of Globalisation.From Globalisation To Inter-Nationalim.Inter-Nationalism In Action.Conclusion.Part III: State And Society In The Age of Imperialism:.7. Myths And Technologies Of The Modern State.Dimensions Of The Modern State.The State And The Historians.Problems Of Defining The State.The Modern State Takes Root Geographical Dimensions.Claims To Justice And Symbols Of Power.The State's Resources.The State's Obligations To Society.Tools Of The State.State, Economy And Nation.A Balance Sheet: What Had The State Achieved?.8. The Theory And Practice Of Liberalism, Rationalism, Socialism And Science.Contextualising 'Intellectual' History.The Corruption Of The Righteous Republic: A Classic Theme.Righteous Republics World-Wide.The Advent Of Liberalism And The Market: Western Exceptionalism?.Liberalism And Land Reform: Radical Theory And Conservative Practice.Free Trade Or National Political Economy.Representing The Peoples.Secularism And Positivism: Trans-National Affinities.The Reception Of Socialism And Its Local Resonances.Science In Global Context.Professionalisation At World Level.Conclusion.9. Empires Of Religion:.Religion In The Eyes Of Contemporaries.The View Of Recent Historians.The Rise Of New-Style Religion.Modes Of Religious Domination, Their Agents And Their Limitations.Formalising Religious Authority, Creating 'Imperial Religions'.Formalising Doctrines And Rites.The Expansion Of 'Imperial Religions' On Their Inner And Outer Frontiers.Pilrimage And Globalisation.Printing And The Propagation Of Religion.Religious Building.Religion And The Nation.Conclusion: The Spirits Of The Age.10. The World Of The Arts And The Imagination:.Arts And Politics.Hybridity And Uniformity In Art Across The Globe.Levelling Forces: The Market, The Everyday And The Museum.The Arts Of The Emerging Nation And Empire 1760-1850.Arts And The People 1850-1914.Outside The West: Adaptation And Dependency.Architecture: A Mirror Of The City.Towards World Literature.Conclusion: Arts And Societies.Prospect.Part IV: Change, Decay And Crisis:.11. The Reconstitution Of Social Hierarchies:.Change And The Historians.Gender And Subordination In The 'Liberal Age'.Slavery's Indian Summer.The Peasant And Rural Labourer As Bond Serf.The Peasant That 'Got Away'.Why Rural Subordination Survived.The Transformation Of 'Gentries'.Challenges To The Gentry.Routes To Survival: State Service And Commerce.Men Of 'Fewer Board Acres' In Europe.Surviving Supremacies.Continuity Or Change?.12. The Destruction Of 'Native Peoples' And Ecological Depredation:.What Is Meant By Native Peoples?.Europeans And Native Peoples Before C. 1820.Native Peoples In The Age Of Hiatus?.The White Deluge 1840-1890.The Deluge In Practice: New Zealand, South Africa And The U.S.A.Ruling Savage Natures: Recovery And Marginalisation.13. Conclusion: The Great Acceleration: C.1890-1914:.Predicting 'Things To Come'.The Agricultural Depression, Inter-Nationalism And The New Imperialism.The Strange Death Of Inter-National Liberalism.Summing Up: Globalisation And Crisis 1780-1914.Global Interconnections 1780-1914.What Were The Motors Of Change?.Power In Global And Inter-National Networks.Contested Uniformity And Universal Complexity Revisited.August 1914.Notes.Bibliography.Index.

The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons

List of maps Preface Glossary List of abbreviations Introduction 1. Prologue: surveillance and communication in early modern India 2. Political intelligence and indigenous informants during the conquest of India, c. 1785-1815 3. Misinformation and failure on the fringes of empire 4. Between human intelligence and colonial knowledge 5. The Indian ecumene: an indigenous public sphere 6. Useful knowledge and godly society, c. 1830-50 7. Colonial controversies: astronomers and physicians 8. Colonial controversies: language and land 9. The information order, the Rebellion of 1857-9 and pacification 10. Epilogue: information, surveillance and the public arena after the Rebellion Conclusion: 'knowing the country' Bibliography Index.

Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780-1870

The past twenty years have seen a proliferation of specialist scholarship on the period of India's transition to colonialism. This volume provides a synthesis of some of the most important themes to emerge from recent work and seeks in particular to reassess the role of Indians in the politics and economics of early colonialism. It discusses new views of the 'decline of the Moghuls' and the role of the Indian capitalists in the expansion of the English East Indian Company's trade and urban settlements. Professor Bayly considers the reasons for the inability of indigenous states to withstand the British, but also highlights the relative failure of the Company to transform India into a quiescent and profitable colony. Later chapters deal with changes in India's ecology, social organisation and ideologies in the nineteenth century, and analyse the nature of Indian resistance to colonialism, including the rebellion of 1857.

Indian society and the making of the British Empire

Rulers, Townsmen, and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870.

Introduction. 1. Political and Social Change in the Muslim Empires, 1600-1800. 2. Crisis and Reorganisation in Muslim Asia. 3. War, Empire and the Colonies of Settlement to 1790. 4. Britain's New Imperial Age. 5. Imperial Britain: Personnel and Ideas. 6. The World Crisis, 1780-1820. 7. Proconsular Despotisms: the British empire, c. 1800-40. 8. Colonial Society in the Early Nineteenth Century. Conclusion. Select Bibliography. Maps. Index.

C. A. Bayly

Papers

The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons

Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780-1870

Indian society and the making of the British Empire

Rulers, Townsmen, and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870.

Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World 1780-1830