Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

How to Do Things With Words

The measurement of meaning

An overview of the self-organizing map algorithm, on which the papers in this issue are based, is presented in this article.

The Self-Organizing Map

The cultural origins of human cognition

This paper examines the significance of the schematic domain of BOUNDEDNESS in adjectives. It is proposed that boundedness in adjectives is a fundamental characteristic associated with gradability. Cross-categorial correspondences are made to nouns and verbs, where boundedness is a feature of countability and aktionsart respectively. Two basic types of gradable adjectives are distinguished: those which are associated with a boundary and those which are not. It is also shown that it is possible to change the configuration of adjectives in terms of boundedness through contextual modulation. Finally, it is demonstrated that the configuration of adjectives in terms of boundaries may dominate their interpretation at the expense of the content proper, and the adjectives become more like function words than content words. (Less)

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/2949370/1590136.pdf

Adjectives and boundedness

This thesis investigates a set of degree modifiers of adjectives common in spoken British English. The main focus of the study is on generalizable semantic and intonational features, but attention is also given to the use of the modifiers in authentic speech in terms of frequency, collocability and intonation. The study explores the semantic constraints that govern the relationship between degree modifiers and adjectives in terms of their conceptualization. It is shown that the gradable features of adjectives must harmonize with the grading function of degree modifiers with respect to totality and scalarity for a successful match. The selection of degree modifiers by adjectives is predictable at the level of the type of gradability that the adjective represents. The study also explores the constraints that govern the intonation of degree modifiers. The placement of the nuclear tone and the shape of the tone are two variables which are constrained by the presupposition that an utterance relies on, the harmony between intonational meaning, speaker attitudes and the function of the degree modifier as to reinforcement and attenuation. The interplay between intonational meaning, discoursal meaning, attitudinal meaning, and the lexical meaning of the degree modifiersis shown to be governed by a principle of harmony. (Less)

Degree Modifiers of Adjectives in Spoken British English

This article challenges the widespread view that DEGREE is a grammatical phenomenon characteristic of certain types of word classes and, instead, argues that DEGREE is pervasive in language and may be associated with most meanings. The main aim of the article is to discuss the results of a number of corpus investigations and experiments of DEGREE meanings in general and of the modification of DEGREE in particular, and to accommodate these results in a general and dynamic model of Lexical Meaning as Ontologies and Construals (LOC; Paradis 2005). The claims are that (i) DEGREE is a BOUNDEDNESS configuration in conceptual space; (ii) DEGREE modifiers operate on the DEGREE structure of the meanings to which they apply through a construal of contextually motivated zone activation within conventionalized senses; (iii) nonconventionalized DEGREE readings of form–meaning pairings are invoked through implication by means of construals of metonymization between senses; and (iv) this process ofmetonymization is the mechanism through which change may or may not take place. (Less)

/pdf/configurations-construals-and-change-expressions-of-degree-35vnvu8zql.pdf

Configurations, construals and change: Expressions of DEGREE

https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/2572276/625891.pdf

Antonymy and negation—The boundedness hypothesis

Visualization of sentiments and opinions extracted from or annotated in texts has become a prominent topic of research over the last decade. From basic pie and bar charts used to illustrate customer reviews to extensive visual analytics systems involving novel representations, sentiment visualization techniques have evolved to deal with complex multidimensional data sets, includingtemporal, relational, and geospatial aspects. This contribution presents a survey of sentiment visualization techniques based on a detailed categorization. We describe the background of sentiment analysis, introduce a categorization for sentiment visualization techniques that includes 7 groups with 35 categories in total, and discuss 132 techniques from peer-reviewed publications together with an interactive web-based survey browser. Finally, we discuss insights and opportunities for further research in sentiment visualization. We expect this survey to be useful for visualization researchers whose interests include sentiment or other aspects of text data as well as researchers and practitioners from other disciplines in search of efficient visualization techniques applicable to their tasks and data. (Less)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cgf.13217

Carita Paradis

Papers

Adjectives and boundedness

Degree Modifiers of Adjectives in Spoken British English

Configurations, construals and change: Expressions of DEGREE

Antonymy and negation—The boundedness hypothesis

The state of the art in sentiment visualization