David F. J. Campbell

TL;DR: The 'Quadruple Helix' emphasises the importance of also integrating the perspective of the media-based and culture-based public, and results is an emerging fractal knowledge and innovation ecosystem, well-configured for the knowledge economy and society.

TL;DR: The Quadruple Helix innovation model as mentioned in this paper embeds the Triple Helix by adding as a fourth helix the media-based and culture-based public and civil society.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary framework of analysis that relates knowledge, innovation and the environment (natural environments) to each other, which can be interpreted as an approach in line with sustainable development and social ecology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the terms and principles of knowledge creation, diffusion, and use, and establish a theoretical framework for their study, through which government, academia, industry and civil society are seen as key actors promoting a democratic approach to innovation through which strategy development and decision-making are exposed to feedback from key stakeholders, resulting in socially accountable policies and practices.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore and profile the nature and dynamics of the Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation System Model or Framework (government, university, industry, civil society, environment) as an enabler and enactor of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems which they conceptualize as fractal, multi-level, multimodal, mult-nodal and multi-lateral configurations of dynamic tangible and intangible assets within the resource-based view and the new theory of the growth of the firm.