Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

Standards for educational and psychological testing

Objectives Here we present the final results from an extension study assessing long-term onabotulinumtoxinA treatment (3.5 years) in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder. Methods Patients who completed either of 2 Phase III trials were eligible to enter a 3-year extension study in which they received multiple onabotulinumtoxinA (100 U) treatments. Data were analyzed for the overall population of patients who received 100 U in any treatment cycle (n = 829) and within discrete subgroups of patients who received exactly 1 (n = 105), 2 (n = 118), 3 (n = 117), 4 (n = 83), 5 (n = 46), or 6 (n = 33) treatments of the 100 U dose throughout the study (n = 502). Results Of the 829 patients enrolled, 51.7 % completed the study. Discontinuations due to AEs/lack of efficacy were low (5.1/5.7 %); other reasons were not treatment-related. Mean reductions from baseline in urinary incontinence (UI) episodes/day (week 12; co-primary endpoint) were consistent among discrete subgroups who received 1 (–3.1), 2 (–2.9, –3.2), 3 (–4.1 to –4.5), 4 (–3.4 to –3.8), 5 (–3.0 to –3.6), or 6 (–3.1 to –4.1) treatments. A consistently high proportion of patients reported improvement/great improvement on the Treatment Benefit Scale (week 12; co-primary endpoint) in the discrete subgroups across all treatments (70.0–93.5 %). Median time to request retreatment was ≤ 6 months for 34.2 %, > 6– ≤ 12 months for 37.2 %, and > 12 months for 28.5 % of patients. Most common AE was UTI, with no changes in safety profile over time. Conclusion Long-term onabotulinumtoxinA treatment resulted in consistent reductions in UI and high proportions of patients reporting improvement after each treatment, with no new safety findings.

Durable improvements in urinary incontinence and positive treatment response in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome following long-term onabotulinumtoxinA treatment: Final results of 3.5-year study.

1. Auburn Regional Medical Center, WA, USA, 2. Atlanta Urogynecology Associates and Atlanta Medical Research, GA, USA, 3. Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, 4. Eastern Virginia Medical School, VA, USA, 5. Hospital Clinic i Provincial Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 6. Women’s Health Care Specialists, PC, MI, USA, 7. Metro Urology, Center for Female Urology, MN, USA, 8. Department of Urology, University Hospitsl of Leuven, Belgium

Elevate Anterior and Apical in the Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Two-year Follow-up

Hypothesis / aims of study The urothelium is no longer considered as a passive barrier, but as a responsive structure with sensory characteristics. TRP (transient receptor potential) proteins form a large superfamily of cation channels functioning as cellular sensors (1). Recent studies have indicated that several TRP channels are present in the bladder, where they may play a crucial role as sensors of stretch, and chemical irritation (2). In this study we want to determine the functional expression of TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4 and TRPM8 as molecular sensors in mouse urothelial cells. This characterisation will increase our insights in the sensory function of the urothelium and may offer new targets for the treatment of sensory bladder dysfunction.

Dirk De Ridder

Papers

Durable improvements in urinary incontinence and positive treatment response in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome following long-term onabotulinumtoxinA treatment: Final results of 3.5-year study.

Elevate Anterior and Apical in the Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Two-year Follow-up

Functional characterisation of trip channels in mouse urothelium: a major role for trpv4

The physical and antimicrobial effects of microwaves and alcohol preservation on catheters that are reused for CIC

Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Age, Parity and Hormonal Status on Surgical Repair of Fascial Defects