https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~jacobson/seminar/mueller-et-al-2007.pdf

Position based dynamics

This survey reviews the recent advances in linear variational mesh deformation techniques. These methods were developed for editing detailed high-resolution meshes like those produced by scanning real-world objects. The challenge of manipulating such complex surfaces is threefold: The deformation technique has to be sufficiently fast, robust, intuitive, and easy to control to be useful for interactive applications. An intuitive and, thus, predictable deformation tool should provide physically plausible and aesthetically pleasing surface deformations, which, in particular, requires its geometric details to be preserved. The methods that we survey generally formulate surface deformation as a global variational optimization problem that addresses the differential properties of the edited surface. Efficiency and robustness are achieved by linearizing the underlying objective functional such that the global optimization amounts to solving a sparse linear system of equations. We review the different deformation energies and detail preservation techniques that were proposed in recent years, together with the various techniques to rectify the linearization artifacts. Our goal is to provide the reader with a systematic classification and comparative description of the different techniques, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach in common editing scenarios.

/pdf/on-linear-variational-surface-deformation-methods-4t6r1sjehx.pdf

On Linear Variational Surface Deformation Methods

This review paper discusses the role of haptics within virtual medical training applications, particularly, where it can be used to aid a practitioner to learn and practice a task. The review summarizes aspects to be considered in the deployment of haptics technologies in medical training. First, both force/torque and tactile feedback hardware solutions that are currently produced commercially and in academia are reviewed, followed by the available haptics-related software and then an in-depth analysis of medical training simulations that include haptic feedback. The review is summarized with scrutiny of emerging technologies and discusses future directions in the field.

The Role of Haptics in Medical Training Simulators: A Survey of the State of the Art

The most popular approaches for the simulation of dynamic systems in computer graphics are force based Internal and external forces are accumulated from which accelerations are computed based on Newton's second law of motion A time integration method is then used to update the velocities and finally the positions of the object A few simulation methods (most rigid body simulators) use impulse based dynamics and directly manipulate velocities In this paper we present an approach which omits the velocity layer as well and immediately works on the positions The main advantage of a position based approach is its controllability Overshooting problems of explicit integration schemes in force based systems can be avoided In addition, collision constraints can be handled easily and penetrations can be resolved completely by projecting points to valid locations We have used the approach to build a real time cloth simulator which is part of a physics software library for games This application demonstrates the strengths and benefits of the method

Position Based Dynamics.

We present a survey of recent work on robot manipulation and sensing of deformable objects, a field with relevant applications in diverse industries such as medical (e.g. surgery assistance), food handling, manufacturing, and domestic chores (e.g. folding clothes). We classify the reviewed approaches into four categories based on the type of object they manipulate. Furthermore, within this object classification we divide the approaches based on the particular task they perform on the deformable object. Finally, we conclude this survey with a discussion of the current state of the art and propose future directions within the proposed classification.

/pdf/robotic-manipulation-and-sensing-of-deformable-objects-in-tajhrn5gez.pdf

Robotic manipulation and sensing of deformable objects in domestic and industrial applications: a survey:

Physically based deformable models have been widely embraced by the Computer Graphics community. Many problems outlined in a previous survey by Gibson and Mirtich [ GM97] have been addressed, thereby making these models interesting and useful for both offline and real-time applications, such as motion pictures and video games. In this paper, we present the most significant contributions of the past decade, which produce such impressive and perceivably realistic animations and simulations: finite element/difference/volume methods, mass-spring systems, meshfree methods, coupled particle systems and reduced deformable models based on modal analysis. For completeness, we also make a connection to the simulation of other continua, such as fluids, gases and melting objects. Since time integration is inherent to all simulated phenomena, the general notion of time discretization is treated separately, while specifics are left to the respective models. Finally, we discuss areas of application, such as elastoplastic deformation and fracture, cloth and hair animation, virtual surgery simulation, interactive entertainment and fluid/smoke animation, and also suggest areas for future research.

/pdf/physically-based-deformable-models-in-computer-graphics-rjirdt191n.pdf

Physically Based Deformable Models in Computer Graphics

Physically Based Deformable Models in Computer Graphics.

In this paper, we describe a design methodology that we have termed Minimalist Game Design. Minimalist games have small rulesets, narrow decision spaces, and abstract audiovisual representations, yet they do not compromise on depth of play or possibility space. We begin with a motivation for and definition of minimalist games, including terms such as "rules," "mechanics," "control," and "interface," and illustrate the importance of artificial design constraints. Using a number of examples, we show the strengths of minimalist game elements in systems, controls, visuals, and audio. Adhering to these constraints, these games feature a small set of mechanics and one core mechanic, while still being sufficiently deep and allowing for player exploration and performance. This depth comes from procedural methods, combinatorial complexity, probability, obfuscation, challenge, or any combination thereof. Our methodology embraces principles of holistic design, where there is no "filler," and where every element of the game contributes to the play experience in some meaningful, deliberate way.

Towards minimalist game design

People enjoy encounters with generative software, but rarely are they encouraged to interact with, understand or engage with it. In this paper we define the term 'PCG-based game', and explain how this concept follows on from the idea of an AI-based game. We look at existing examples of games which foreground their AI, put forward a methodology for designing PCG-based games, describe some example case study designs for PCG-based games, and describe lessons learned during this process of sketching and developing ideas.

Eddy Boxerman

Papers

Physically Based Deformable Models in Computer Graphics

Physically Based Deformable Models in Computer Graphics.

Towards minimalist game design

PCG-Based Game Design Patterns