Recent developments in physical, biological, chemical, and hybrid treatment techniques for removing emerging contaminants from wastewater.

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Wastewater Engineering Treatment And Resource Recovery

Interactions of microalgae-bacteria consortia for nutrient removal from wastewater: A review

Progress and challenges of contaminate removal from wastewater using microalgae biomass.

Aluminium sulphate is the commonest and most widely used coagulant for water treatment worldwide. Aluminium is a well-known adsorbent for phosphorous (P), a nutrient highly associated with eutrophication in most water bodies. Thus, this paper provides a review on P adsorption from aqueous media using alum sludge waste material generated by water treatment plants that use aluminium sulphate as sole coagulant. A meta-analysis of data on characteristics of various alum sludges was done. The hindrance factors and adsorption capacities, under varying operating conditions are presented, including future direction. It is evident from literature survey that there is the emerging shift from reuse and recycling of raw alum sludge towards synthesis of value-added alum sludge based adsorbents. Possibilities to improve efficacy as both filter media and adsorbent but at the same time reducing metal leaching are highlighted. Value-added products may also offer an added advantage of acting as source of phosphorous for possible reuse in agricultural soils.

Utilization of alum sludge as adsorbent for phosphorus removal in municipal wastewater: A review

The removal of phosphorus (P) from domestic wastewater is primarily to reduce the potential for eutrophication in receiving waters, and is mandated and common in many countries. However, most P-removal technologies have been developed for use at larger wastewater treatment plants that have economies-of-scale, rigorous monitoring, and in-house operating expertise. Smaller treatment plants often do not have these luxuries, which is problematic because there is concern that P releases from small treatment systems may have greater environmental impact than previously believed. Here P-removal technologies are reviewed with the goal of determining which treatment options are amenable to small-scale applications. Significant progress has been made in developing some technologies for small-scale application, namely sorptive media. However, as this review shows, there is a shortage of treatment technologies for P-removal at smaller scales, particularly sustainable and reliable options that demand minimal operating and maintenance expertise or are suited to northern latitudes. In view of emerging regulatory pressure, investment should be made in developing new or adapting existing P-removal technologies, specifically for implementation at small-scale treatment works.

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Edmond Ndam

Papers

A Review of Phosphorus Removal Technologies and Their Applicability to Small-Scale Domestic Wastewater Treatment Systems