G. Federici

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the underlying physical processes and the existing experimental database of plasma-material interactions both in tokamaks and laboratory simulation facilities for conditions of direct relevance to next-step fusion reactors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of current predictions both in terms of implantation and codeposition rates, and critically discuss their uncertainties and sensitivity to important design and operation parameters such as the plasma edge conditions, the surface temperature, the presence of mixed-materials, etc.

TL;DR: The most critical issues arising from PMIs are identified which represent key elements in the selection of materials, the design, and the optimisation of plasma-facing components (PFCs) for the first-wall and divertor.

TL;DR: In this paper, the design implications of plasma-facing and nearby components are discussed, and recommendations are made to mitigate the effects of these events, and the simulation experiments are used to evaluate various damage to PFCs during the abnormal events.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the requirements on chamber wall armor imposed by the operating conditions in IFE and MFE, including energy deposition density, time of deposition and frequencies, and discuss their impact on the performance of the candidate armor materials.