《Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｌｅａｒｎｅｒ’ｓ Ｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｒｙ ｏｆ Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ》（ 以下简称ＯＡＬＤ） 是英语学习词典的先驱。它是第一部既重视词语释义，又重视词法、句法，配有大量例证的词典。我国英语学习者对其第二、三、四版（ 英汉双解版） 都十分熟悉。１９９５ 年，ＯＡＬＤ 第五次修订再版，又有了新的特色，但仍有不足

评《Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English》第五版

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disorder that occurs almost exclusively in males. This condition mainly affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. In affected individuals, a defect in an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase causes red blood cells to break down prematurely. This destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Recent technologies have resulted in an explosion of information concerning the cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes and increased awareness of life-threatening interactions with such commonly prescribed drugs as cisapride and some antihistamines. Knowledge of the substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of these enzymes assists in predicting clinically significant drug interactions. In addition to inhibition and induction, microsomal drug metabolism is affected by genetic polymorphisms, age, nutrition, hepatic disease, and endogenous chemicals. Of the more than 30 human isoenzymes identified to date, the major ones responsible for drug metabolism include CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and the CYP2C subfamily.

https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03830.x

Update: Clinically Significant Cytochrome P‐450 Drug Interactions

Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Improves Transplant-Free Survival in Early Stage Non-Acetaminophen Acute Liver Failure

Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review

Objective
To explore and evaluate the most common factors causing therapeutic non-compliance.

/pdf/factors-affecting-therapeutic-compliance-a-review-from-the-2dvyfkvlx9.pdf

Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient's perspective.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous acetylcysteine in the treatment of non–acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF).DATA SOURCESA search of MEDLINE (1966–March 2003), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–2003), and Cochrane Library (2003, issue 3) databases was conducted, using the search terms acetylcysteine, non–acetaminophen-induced hepatic failure, liver failure, intravenous, and treatment.DATA SYNTHESISAll of the studies found were small and do not provide conclusive evidence that acetylcysteine benefits this subgroup of patients. Microvascular regional benefits were seen, but clinical outcomes have not been studied.CONCLUSIONIntravenous acetylcysteine should not be used routinely for treatment of non–acetaminophen-induced ALF. Further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate clinical outcomes.

Acetylcysteine Treatment for Non–Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure

A cost analysis of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT): an Asian perspective.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between quinidine, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole.CASE SUMMARY:A 51-year-old black woman was admitted for shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and atrial fibrillation. Procainamide and diltiazem were begun for the atrial fibrillation and ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for suspected diverticulitis. The therapy was switched to quinidine on day 5 because of adverse events associated with procainamide. A trough serum quinidine concentration (SQC) on day 7 was 6.3 μg/mL (normal 2–5) with normal QT and QTc intervals. On day 8, the patient was discharged in normal sinus rhythm. She took her last doses of antibiotics on day 15 and a follow-up SQC on day 18 was 2.3 μg/mL.DISCUSSION:The possible explanations for the changes in SQCs include: (1) laboratory error, (2) compliance with medication regimen, and (3) altered hepatic metabolism. The first two are not likely in this case. The laboratory verified the elevated SQC and the patient had her prescript...

Possible Pharmacokinetic Interaction with Quinidine: Ciprofloxacin or Metronidazole?

Background:Given the rate at which new medications are introduced to the market, as well as the diversity of existing drugs, pharmacists frequently need to consult drug information (Dl) sources. Currently, there is a lack of information about pharmacists' needs for and sources of DI in Singapore.Objective:To examine where practicing pharmacists in Singapore usually obtain DI and how useful and satisfactory the source is to pharmacists and to determine the kind of drug-related questions pharmacists usually receive.Methods:An online survey was sent to registered hospital and community pharmacists who were members of the Pharmaceutical Society of Singapore. The survey consisted of questions about the pharmacists' demographics, what DI source they used most often, their satisfaction with that DI source, and how frequently they received various DI questions.Results:A total of 156 pharmacists responded to the survey, for a response rate of 27.4%. The majority (82.7%) of the respondents chose reference texts as ...

Grant E. Sklar

Papers

Factors affecting therapeutic compliance: A review from the patient's perspective.

Acetylcysteine Treatment for Non–Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Failure

A cost analysis of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT): an Asian perspective.

Possible Pharmacokinetic Interaction with Quinidine: Ciprofloxacin or Metronidazole?

Identification and evaluation of pharmacists' commonly used drug information sources.