https://www.geneticacupuncture.com/Kwang-Sup%20Soh-PIIS2005290109600418.pdf

Bonghan Circulatory System as an Extension of Acupuncture Meridians

Visualizing the network of Bonghan ducts in the omentum and peritoneum by using Trypan blue.

Novel Anatomic Structures in the Brain and Spinal Cord of Rabbit That May Belong to the Bonghan System of Potential Acupuncture Meridians

Comparison of the Characteristic Features of Bonghan Ducts, Blood and Lymphatic Capillaries

Novel threadlike structures, so-called Bonghan ducts (BHDs), were recently rediscovered inside large caliber lymphatic vessels using two different staining dyes in rabbits (Janus green B and Alcian blue) and fluorescent nanoparticles in rats. These three methods have the drawback of injecting chemical agents into the lymphatic vessels, which might damage the BHD and hinder further investigation of its physiological function. New methods to observe BHDs without using external chemical agents need to be developed. In the present work, we introduce a contrast enhancing optical method for in vivo observation of BHDs floating inside large caliber lymph vessels. The method uses a low-pass filter above about 650 nm, with an arrangement to minimize the light reflected from the surface of the lymph vessel. We captured films showing movement of a BHD as the animal respired. Applying the previous Alcian blue injection technique, we obtained BHD samples from the lymph vessel and observed the distribution of rod-shape nuclei (the essential feature of a BHD). BHDs can now be observed inside lymph vessels by using contrast-enhancing instrumentation without visualizing chemical agents.

/pdf/contrast-enhancing-optical-method-to-observe-a-bonghan-duct-3b5vgmcnfa.pdf

Contrast-enhancing optical method to observe a bonghan duct floating inside a lymph vessel of a rabbit

Background: In the early 1960s, Korean anatomist Bong Han Kim proposed the existence of a circulatory system that could be the anatomical basis of classical acupuncture points and Meridian...

Inbin Lim

Papers

Catecholamine-Producing Novel Endocrine Organ: Bonghan System