The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also propose possible future directions in each system. colorred{Specifically, for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem.} For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.

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Smart Grid — The New and Improved Power Grid: A Survey

Smart Grid - The New and Improved Power Grid:

This paper describes and evaluates the feasibility of control strategies to be adopted for the operation of a microgrid when it becomes isolated. Normally, the microgrid operates in interconnected mode with the medium voltage network; however, scheduled or forced isolation can take place. In such conditions, the microgrid must have the ability to operate stably and autonomously. An evaluation of the need of storage devices and load shedding strategies is included in this paper.

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Defining control strategies for MicroGrids islanded operation

Framework Convention on Climate Change

What is modal logic

An integrated SOFC plant dynamic model for power systems simulation

Modular multilevel inverters have been proposed as a potential replacement for diode-clamped inverters in high-voltage, high-power applications as they can be extended to any number of levels without introducing significantly more complexity to the control system. This study discusses in detail the principle of operation, carrier-based pulse width modulation and a capacitors voltage balancing technique for three-level and five-level modular inverters. The modulation and balancing strategy presented are confirmed by simulations and the results are discussed.

Modular multilevel inverter: Pulse width modulation and capacitor balancing technique

Dynamic model of a lead acid battery for use in a domestic fuel cell system

This paper reports on the use of multi-agent system technology to automate the management and analysis of SCADA and digital fault recorder (DFR) data. The multi-agent system, entitled Protection Engineering Diagnostic Agents (PEDA), integrates legacy intelligent systems that analyze SCADA and DFR data to provide data management and online diagnostic information to protection engineers. Since November 2004, PEDA agents have been intelligently interpreting and managing data online at a transmission system operator in the U.K. As the results presented in this paper demonstrate, PEDA supports protection engineers by providing access to interpreted power systems data via the corporate intranet within minutes of the data being received. In this paper, the authors discuss their experience of developing a multi-agent system that is robust enough for continual online use within the power industry. The use of existing agent development toolsets and standards is also discussed.

J.R. McDonald

Papers

An integrated SOFC plant dynamic model for power systems simulation

Modular multilevel inverter: Pulse width modulation and capacitor balancing technique

Dynamic model of a lead acid battery for use in a domestic fuel cell system

Applying multi-agent system technology in practice: automated management and analysis of SCADA and digital fault recorder data

Adaptive intelligent power systems: Active distribution networks☆