Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and is necessary in order to improve patient outcomes. The National Standards for DSME are designed to define quality diabetes self-management education and to assist diabetes educators in a variety of settings to provide evidence-based education. Because of the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes-related research, these Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key organizations and federal agencies within the diabetes education community.

A Task Force was jointly convened by the American Association of Diabetes Educators and the American Diabetes Association in the summer of 2006. Additional organizations that were represented included the American Dietetic Association, the Veteran's Health Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Indian Health Service, and the American Pharmaceutical Association. Members of the Task Force included a person with diabetes; several health services researchers/behaviorists, registered nurses, and registered dietitians; and a pharmacist.

The Task Force was charged with reviewing the current DSME standards for their appropriateness, relevance, and scientific basis. The Standards were then reviewed and revised based on the available evidence and expert consensus. The committee convened on 31 March 2006 and 9 September 2006, and the Standards were approved 25 March 2007.

Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is the ongoing process of facilitating the knowledge, skill, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care. This process incorporates the needs, goals, and life experiences of the person with diabetes and is guided by evidence-based standards. The overall objectives of DSME are to support informed decision-making, self-care behaviors, problem-solving and active collaboration with the health care team and to improve clinical outcomes, health status, and quality of life.

Before the review of the individual Standards, the Task Force identified overriding principles based on existing evidence that would …

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National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education

CAROLÉ MENSING, RN, MA, CDE (TASK FORCE CHAIR) JACKIE BOUCHER, MS, RD, LD, CDE MARJORIE CYPRESS, MS, C-ANP, CDE KATIE WEINGER, EDD, RN KATHRYN MULCAHY, MSN, RN, CDE PATRICIA BARTA, RN, MPH, CDE GWEN HOSEY, MS, ARNP, CDE WENDY KOPHER, RN, C, CDE, HTP ANDREA LASICHAK, MS, RD, CDE BETTY LAMB, RN, MSN MAVOURNEEN MANGAN, RN, MS, ANP, C, CDE JAN NORMAN, RD, CDE JON TANJA, BS, MS, RPH LINDA YAUK, MS, RD, LD, CDE KIMBERLYDAWN WISDOM, MD, MS CYNTHIA ADAMS, PHD

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(04)17277-2.pdf

Self-management interventions for chronic illness

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) was introduced 50 years ago by Dantzig and Ramser under the title “The Truck Dispatching Problem.” The study of the VRP has given rise to major developments in the fields of exact algorithms and heuristics. In particular, highly sophisticated exact mathematical programming decomposition algorithms and powerful metaheuristics for the VRP have been put forward in recent years. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief account of this development.

Fifty Years of Vehicle Routing

A genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem

Self-management approaches for people with chronic conditions: a review.

Extensions to the generalised assignment heuristic for vehicle routing

After 30 years of use the factor structure of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale remains the subject of debate. Most studies have focused on school-aged or undergraduate students. There are few psychometric data for older people or for those with disabilities. This study compared the factor structures of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale among 117 adults with arthritis and 185 undergraduate students. A two-factor solution provided the best fit for both samples, although the item content of the factors differed slightly. Further investigation is required to assess whether the difference is due to age or the presence of physical disability. Nonetheless, the scale discriminated well between students and adults with arthritis.

Janice Sheasby

Papers

Self-management approaches for people with chronic conditions: a review.

Extensions to the generalised assignment heuristic for vehicle routing

Psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale among people with arthritis.

Accelerating the convergence of subgradient optimisation