Basic animal nutrition and feeding

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics and degradability of corn stover, oat straw, sugarcane bagasse and sorghum straw. Feedstuffs were incubated with different doses of yeast [0, 4, 8 and 12 mg/g dry matter (DM)] at direct addition or 72 h pre-incubation. Rumen GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 24, 30, 48, 54 and 72 h of incubation. After 72 h, rumen pH and methane were determined and contents were filtrated for DM, neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) degradability. Fibrous species×method of application×yeast interactions occurred (P<0.001) for all measured ruminal GP parameters and degradability. The direct addition or 72 h pre-incubation of S. cerevisiae with corn stover improved (P<0.05) GP and methane and decreased (P<0.05) the lag time (L) and NDF degradability (NDFD). The direct addition of S. cerevisiae to oat straw increased (P<0.05) rate of GP ( c) and decreased (P<0.05) asymptotic GP ( b ). However, 72 h pre-incubation increased (P<0.05) c with linearly decreased b , DM degradability (DMD) and NDFD. Applying S. cerevisiae for 72 h pre-incubation decreased (P<0.001) methane emission. The direct addition or 72 h pre-incubation of S. cerevisiae to sorghum straw increased (P<0.05) b, c, L, DMD and NDFD. Overall, the effect of dose varied among different feedstuffs and different application methods. Results suggested that the direct addition of S. cerevisiae could support and improve ruminal fermentation of lowquality forages at 4 to 12 g/kg DM.

Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae at Direct Addition or Pre-incubation on in Vitro Gas Production Kinetics and Degradability of Four Fibrous Feeds

Comparison of nutritional value of tomato pomace and brewer's grain for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique.

The current study aimed to evaluate if the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on in vitro fermentation can be affected with the crude protein (CP) content of the ration. Three commercial SC cultures of Biocell F53®, Procreatin 7®, and Biosaf SC47® were evaluated at 0 (SC0), 2 (SC2), and 4 (SC4) mg/g dry matter (DM) of substrate. Two rations with 13% (low crude protein [LCP]) and 16% CP (high crude protein [HCP]) were used as substrates. Rumen gas (gas production [GP]) and methane (CH4) productions were recorded. The HCP ration had increased (P = .05) asymptotic GP, CH4 production, and fermentation parameters. Biocell F53® and Biosaf SC47® increased the asymptotic GP (P < .05) in HCP and LCP rations with better effect for the dose of 2 mg/g DM substrate HCP (P < .05) and dose of 4 mg yeast/g DM substrate with the LCP ration. The highest CH4 production was observed (P < .05) with Procreatin 7®. It could be concluded that HCP ration improved GP than LCP ration. Moreover, addition of Biocell F53®...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09712119.2016.1204304

In vitro gas and methane production of two mixed rations influenced by three different cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In Vitro Fermentative Capacity of Equine Fecal Inocula of 9 fibrous Forages in the Presence of Different Doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Some feedstuffs which used in ruminants diet (corn grain, soybean meal, wheat bran and alfalfa) were analyzed for chemical composition, apparent in vivo nutrient digestibility, in vitro fermentation gas production and metabolizable energy. Chemical composition of test feeds differed in nutrient contents. Initially apparent in vivo digestibility of alfalfa nutrients were obtained then digestibility of nutrients for the other test feeds were determined by difference method, using 16 Ghezel mature rams (mean weight of 43.9±4 kg). In vivo DM, CP, NDF and OM apparent digestibility were different among the test feeds (p<0.05). Regarding to the results, corn grain had a high DM and OM digestibility between test feeds and soybean meal had a high CP and NDF digestibility between test feeds (p<0.05). Cumulative gas production was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation and the equation of p = A (1-e-ct) was used to describe the kinetics of gas production. Potential gas production (A) and rates of gas production (c) differed (p<0.01) among feeds. Corn grain showed higher potential gas production (A) (326.5 mL g -1 DM) and wheat bran had higher rate of gas production (c) (0.097 h -1 ) than the other feeds, inverses alfalfa (257.6 mL g 1 DM) and corn grain (0.048 h -1 ) had lower potential gas production and rate of gas production than the other test feeds, respectively. The metabolizable energy (MJ kg -1 DM) content of feeds was calculated using in vivo organic matter digestibility and gas production data. According to in vivo organic matter digestibility data, the ME values ranged from 9.2 in alfalfa to 13.3 MJ kg 1 DM in corn grain. It was concluded that regarding to different chemical composition of test feeds, the in vivo digestibility, in vitro gas production and ME of feeds showed different values.

Nutrient Digestibility and Gas Production of Some Tropical Feeds Used in Ruminant Diets Estimated by the in vivo and in vitro Gas Production Techniques

Food by-products in Iran are produced in high levels. In this study, in situ and in vitro gas production techniques were used to describe nutritive value of apple pomace, tomato pomace and noodle waste. For this purpose two ruminal fistulated sheep were used. Nylon bags which were approximately (6×12 cm) containing 5 g samples (2 mm screen) were incubated in duplicate in the rumen of fistulated sheep for 0,2,4,6,8,12,16,24,36 and 48 h. The gas production was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation and the equation of P = A (1-e -ct ) was used to describe the kinetics of gas production. The data was analyzed using completely randomized design. DM and CP disappearance were significantly different among feedstuffs (p<0.05). After 48 h of incubation DM disappearance in noodle waste was highest and in tomato pomace was lowest. Regarding to the results, at the most incubation times tomato pomace had lower CP disappearance among feedstuffs (p<0.05). Potential gas production (A) and rates of gas production (c) differed among feedstuffs. Apple pomace showed higher potential gas production (A) (305.1 mL g -1 DM) and tomato pomace had higher rate of gas production (c) (0.09 h -1 ) than the other feedstuffs. According to gas production volume, the value for the ME, OMD and SCFA ranged from in 8.87 noodle waste to 9.76 in apple pomace, 56.1 in tomato pomace to 64.3 in apple pomace and 0.919 in noodle waste to 1.168 in apple pomace, respectively. Partitioning factor in noodle waste was highest and in tomato pomace was lowest. In the present study, feeds composition significantly affected the degradation parameters.

Janmohammadi Hossein

Papers

Nutrient Digestibility and Gas Production of Some Tropical Feeds Used in Ruminant Diets Estimated by the in vivo and in vitro Gas Production Techniques

Evaluation of some by-Products using In situ and In vitro Gas Production Techniques