Jean Cadet

TL;DR: The main UVB- and UVA-induced DNA photoproducts, together with the mechanisms of their formation, are described and it was found that UVA photooxidation damage mostly involves the guanine residues of cellular DNA as the result of singlet oxygen generation by still unknown endogenous photosensitizers.

TL;DR: Each of the twelve possible dimeric photoproducts that are produced at the four main bipyrimidine sites can now be singled out as dinucleoside monophosphates that are enzymatically released from UV-irradiated DNA.

TL;DR: It was found that 8-oxoGua, which is generated by either hydration of the guanine radical cation or .OH addition at C8 of the imidazole ring, is a preferential target for further reactions with 1O(2) and one-electron oxidants, including the highly oxidizing oxyl-type guanin radical.

TL;DR: This article focuses on DNA damage on recent aspects of the formation and measurement of oxidatively generated damage in cellular DNA, and recent information concerning the mechanisms of formation, individual measurement, and repair-rate assessment of bipyrimidine photoproducts in isolated cells and human skin upon exposure to UVB radiation, UVA photons, or solar simulated light is critically reviewed.

TL;DR: It is clear that the bulk of the chemical and biochemical assays with the exception of the high performance liquid chromatographic-electrochemical detection (HPLC/ECD) method have suffered from major drawbacks, and major efforts should be devoted to the reassessment of the level of oxidative base damage in cellular DNA using appropriate assays including suitable conditions of DNA extraction.