Fascinating and provocative, Ariely's The Truth About Dishonesty is an insightful and brilliantly researched take on cheating, deception and willpower. Internationally bestselling author Ariely pulls no punches when it comes to home truths. Previous titles PREDICTABLY IRRATIONAL and THE UPSIDE OF IRRATIONALITY have becomes classics in their field, revealing unexpected and astonishing traits that run through modern humankind. Now acclaimed behavioural economist Dan Ariely delves deeper into the dark and murky recesses of contemporary psychology, daring to ask the big questions: What makes us cheat? How and why do we rationalise deception of ourselves and other people, and make ourselves 'wishfully blind' to the blindingly obvious? What affects our infuriatingly intangible willpower and how can we 'catch' the cheating bug from other bad apples? If you've ever wondered how a whole company can turn a blind eye to evident misdemeanours within their ranks, whether people are born dishonest and whether you can really be successful by being totally, brutally honest, then Dan has the answers, and many more.

The (honest) truth about dishonesty : how we lie to everyone--especially ourselves

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) has made great progress and been expected to play an important role in a future transport system. Some researchers have explored the potential impacts of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs), while few have focused on the public attitude towards AEVs. This paper aims to understand the public acceptance of AEVs through the application of Technology Acceptance Model. Considering the potential environmental benefits of AEVs, this study concentrates on how environmental concern affects AEVs acceptance. Data is collected from an online survey in China and analyzed by a structural model. The results indicate that green perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and environmental concern have a positive relationship with people’s intentions to use AEVs. Environmental concern poses a powerful indirect effect on using intention through mediating effects. Implications for improving the public acceptance of AEVs and suggestions for further research are given correspondingly in this study.

The role of environmental concern in the public acceptance of autonomous electric vehicles: A survey from China

Purposes During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world, the mental health conditions of health care workers are of great importance to ensure the efficiency of rescue operations. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. Methods Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between social support and mental health, whereas moderated mediation analysis was performed by Hayes PROCESS macro. Results The findings showed that resilience could partially mediate the effect of social support on mental health among health care workers. Age group moderated the indirect relationship between social support and mental health via resilience. Specifically, compared with younger health care workers, the association between resilience and mental health would be attenuated in the middle-aged workers. Conclusions The results add knowledge to previous literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health. The present study has profound implications for mental health services for health care workers during the peak period of COVID-19.

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Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model.

It seems obvious that the identification of coping structure is necessary to understand how stress affects human health and functioning. Despite numerous coping conceptualization proposals, there is no agreement as to the core coping categories. This article presents the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM), which is designed to integrate various coping distinctions, drawing inspiration from the tradition of circumplex models in psychology. The model is based on the assumption that individuals in stressful situations face two tasks: they need to solve the problem and regulate their emotions, which are reflected in two corresponding dimensions, that is, the problem coping dimension and emotion coping dimension. Problem coping and emotion coping are interpreted as bipolar dimensions. Importantly, these dimensions define a space for other coping categories. The model contains a total of eight coping styles forming a circumplex: positive emotional coping, efficiency, problem solving, preoccupation with the problem, negative emotional coping, helplessness, problem avoidance, and hedonic disengagement. The paper discusses the potential of the CCM to overcome some of the problems of stress psychology by: (a) supplementing the set of coping categories (i.e., process, strategy, style) with coping mode; (b) providing a foundation for the integration of numerous coping constructs; (c) enabling the interpretation of results obtained by means of different coping measures, thus facilitating knowledge consolidation; (d) explaining relationships between coping and adjustment after trauma, as well as explaining the mechanisms of psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive therapy, exposure therapy); (e) clarifying linkages between the effectiveness of coping strategies and situation controllability. Moreover, the CCM may elucidate the relationship between coping and emotion regulation (e.g., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression).

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The Coping Circumplex Model: An Integrative Model of the Structure of Coping With Stress.

Summary
We theorized and examined a Pygmalion perspective beyond those proposed in past studies in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee voice behavior. Specifically, we proposed that transformational leadership influences employee voice through leaders' voice expectation and employees' voice role perception (i.e., Pygmalion mechanism). We also theorized that personal identification with transformational leaders influences the extent to which employees internalize leaders' external voice expectation as their own voice role perception. In a time-lagged field study, we found that leaders' voice expectation and employees' voice role perception (i.e., the Pygmalion process) mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and voice behavior. In addition, we found transformational leadership strengthens employees' personal identification with the leader, which in turn, as a moderator, amplifies the proposed Pygmalion process. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Transformational leadership and employee voice behavior : a Pygmalion mechanism.

Regression-based analyses remain some of the most widely employed statistical approaches throughout research and scholarly work. It is remarkable that with the same simple OLS multiple regression model, such a rich variety of research questions may be addressed, ranging from simple questions of prediction and explanation to the more complex questions such as modeling mediated or moderated relationships or even modeling of moderated mediation analyses. Hayes’s Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach presents a journey through regression-based approaches beginning with the most simple regression approaches (correlation and simple linear regression), continuing through traditional uses of regression for mediation and moderation analysis, and culminating in a discussion of conditional process analysis: a method for combining mediation and moderation into one singular analysis. The book is very readable and conversational, providing many interesting and useful examples, which will be of interest to the intermediate to advanced regression user.

Hayes, Andrew F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press

Although traditional clustering methods (e.g., K-means) have been shown to be useful in the social sciences it is often difficult for such methods to handle situations where clusters in the population overlap or are ambiguous. Fuzzy clustering, a method already recognized in many disciplines, provides a more flexible alternative to these traditional clustering methods. Fuzzy clustering differs from other traditional clustering methods in that it allows for a case to belong to multiple clusters simultaneously. Unfortunately, fuzzy clustering techniques remain relatively unused in the social and behavioral sciences. The purpose of this paper is to introduce fuzzy clustering to these audiences who are currently relatively unfamiliar with the technique. In order to demonstrate the advantages associated with this method, cluster solutions of a common perfectionism measure were created using both fuzzy clustering and K-means clustering, and the results compared. Results of these analyses reveal that different cluster solutions are found by the two methods, and the similarity between the different clustering solutions depends on the amount of cluster overlap allowed for in fuzzy clustering.

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Applications of cluster analysis to the creation of perfectionism profiles: a comparison of two clustering approaches.

Perfectionism, defined as rigid adherence to unrealistically high personal standards, hypersensitivity to mistakes, and overgeneralization of failures, has been widely studied (Flett & Hewitt, 2002; Frost, Heimberg, Holt, Mattia, & Neubauer, 1993; Stoeber & Otto, 2006). The development of high personal standards and fear of failure likely originated from interactions with parents, and empirical studies have documented relationships between parenting practices and perfectionism (Flett, Hewitt, & Singer, 1995; Rice, Ashby, & Preusser, 1996; Speirs Neumeister, 2004; Speirs Neumeister & Finch, 2006; Speirs Neumeister, Williams, & Cross, 2009). Personal standards and fear of failure also affect how individuals cope with stress (Dixon, Lapsley, & Hanchon, 2004; Flett, Druckman, Hewitt, & Wekerle, 2012; Hill, Hall, & Appleton, 2010; Stoeber & Rennert, 2008). Individuals with high personal standards reported the use of active coping (i.e., trying to deal with the stressor or reduce its impact), whereas individuals with concerns over their mistakes reported the use of avoidant coping (i.e., avoiding the stressor or denying its impact; Flett et al., 2012; Hill et al., 2010; Stoeber & Rennert, 2008). In addition, individuals' use of different coping strategies has been linked to parenting practices (Swanson, Valiente, Lemery-Chalfant, & O'Brien, 2011). Given that previous literature has demonstrated direct links among parenting styles, perfectionism, and coping, perfectionism might serve as a mediator between parenting and coping. In other words, parenting might affect the use of different coping strategies through different dimensions of perfectionism. To date, relationships between parenting and perfectionism, perfectionism and coping, and parenting and coping have been examined separately. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationships among parenting, perfectionism, and coping and to determine if perfectionism serves as a mediator between parenting and coping. Perfectionism was historically linked with psychopathology (Frost et al., 1993; Stoeber & Otto, 2006). Although initially conceptualized as a unidimensional construct, researchers now generally agree that perfectionism should be viewed as a multidimensional construct. The multidimensional nature of perfectionism was highlighted in the early 1990s when two groups of researchers (Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990; Hewitt & Flett, 1991) developed separate measures of perfectionism. Frost et al. (1993) reported substantial overlap between the Frost et al. (1990) and the Hewitt and Flett (1991) measures. When both measures were combined with factor analysis, two distinct types of perfectionism were revealed: evaluative concerns (Concern Over Mistakes, Parental Criticism, Parental Expectations, Doubts About Actions, and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism subscales) and perfectionistic strivings (Personal Standards, Organization, Self-Oriented Perfectionism, and Other-Oriented Perfectionism subscales; Frost et al., 1990; Stoeber & Otto, 2006). In the past 2 decades, researchers have used a variety of terms to describe these different types of perfectionism, such as positive and negative perfectionism, healthy and non-healthy perfectionism, and adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism (Stoeber & Otto, 2006). For clarity and consistency with the majority of research on perfectionism, parenting, and coping, we used the terms adaptive perfectionism and maladaptive perfectionism to review the literature. Parenting and Perfectionism In the definition of perfectionism, parenting practices have figured prominently in several of the items in the Frost et al. (1990) and Hewitt and Flett (1991) measures of perfectionism. Parental Criticism and Parental Expectations were two subscales included in Frost et al.'s measure; however, the utility of these subscales to define perfectionism has been questioned (Stoeber & Otto, 2006). …

Dimensions of Perfectionism Mediate the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Coping

Traditional approaches to measurement of violations of academic integrity may overestimate the magnitude and severity of cheating and confound panic with planned cheating. Differences in the severity and level of premeditation of academic integrity violations have largely been unexamined. Results of a study based on a combined sample of business students showed that students are more likely to commit minor cheating offenses and engage in panic-based cheating as compared to serious and planned cheating offenses. Results also indicated there is a significant interaction between severity and type (planned vs. panic) of cheating. We hypothesized serious and planned cheating offenses would be related to justifications and found the largest differences were between panic and planned. Finally, panic and minor cheating were associated with two self-control-related personality traits. Implications for cheating research are discussed.

Making our Measures Match Perceptions: Do Severity and Type Matter When Assessing Academic Misconduct Offenses?

Classification using standard statistical methods such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or logistic regression (LR) presume knowledge of group membership prior to the development of an algorithm for prediction. However, in many real world applications members of the same nominal group, might in fact come from different subpopulations on the underlying construct. For example, individuals diagnosed with depression will not all have the same levels of this disorder, though for the purposes of LDA or LR they will be treated in the same manner. The goal of this simulation study was to examine the performance of several methods for group classification in the case where within group membership was not homogeneous. For example, suppose there are 3 known groups but within each group two unknown classes. Several approaches were compared, including LDA, LR, classification and regression trees (CART), generalized additive models (GAM), and mixture discriminant analysis (MIXDA). Results of the study indicated that CART and mixture discriminant analysis were the most effective tools for situations in which known groups were not homogeneous, whereas LDA, LR, and GAM had the highest rates of misclassification. Implications of these results for theory and practice are discussed.

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Jocelyn H. Bolin

Papers

Hayes, Andrew F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press

Applications of cluster analysis to the creation of perfectionism profiles: a comparison of two clustering approaches.

Dimensions of Perfectionism Mediate the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Coping

Making our Measures Match Perceptions: Do Severity and Type Matter When Assessing Academic Misconduct Offenses?

Group membership prediction when known groups consist of unknown subgroups: a Monte Carlo comparison of methods.