Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

Statistics for Spatial Data.

Around the globe, thousands of research projects are engaging millions of individuals—many of whom are not trained as scientists—in collecting, categorizing, transcribing, or analyzing scientific data. These projects, known as citizen science, cover a breadth of topics from microbiomes to native bees to water quality to galaxies. Most projects obtain or manage scientific information at scales or resolutions unattainable by individual researchers or research teams, whether enrolling thousands of individuals collecting data across several continents, enlisting small armies of participants in categorizing vast quantities of online data, or organizing small groups of volunteers to tackle local problems.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/343/6178/1436.full.pdf

Next Steps for Citizen Science

/pdf/kernel-density-estimation-of-traffic-accidents-in-a-network-5ayj0nlr91.pdf

Kernel Density Estimation of Traffic Accidents in a Network Space

Ecosystem services are vital for humans in urban regions. However, urban development poses a great risk for the ability of ecosystems to provide these services. In this paper we first address the most important ecosystem services in functional urban regions in Finland. Well accessible and good quality recreational ecosystem services, for example, provided by urban nature, are an important part of a high-quality living environment and important for public health. Vegetation of urban regions can have a role in carbon dioxide sequestration and thus in climate change mitigation. For instance, estimates of carbon sinks can be compared to total CO2 emissions of an urban region, and the municipality can aim at both increasing carbon sinks and decreasing CO2 emissions with proper land-use planning. Large and contiguous core nature areas, smaller green areas and ecological connections between them are the essence of regional ecological networks and are essential for maintaining interconnected habitats for species and thus biological diversity. Thus, both local and regional level ecological networks are vital for maintaining ecosystem services in urban regions. The impacts of climate change coupled with land-use and land cover change will bring serious challenges for maintaining ecosystem services in urban areas. Although not yet widely used in planning practices, the ecosystem services approach can provide an opportunity for land-use planning to develop ecologically sustainable urban regions. Currently, information on ecosystem services of urban regions is lacking and there is a need to improve the knowledge base for land-use planning.

Using the ecosystem services approach for better planning and conservation of urban green spaces: a Finland case study

We are now living in a mobile information era, which is fundamentally changing science and society. Location Based Services (LBS), which deliver information depending on the location of the (mobile...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17489725.2018.1508763

Location based services: ongoing evolution and research agenda

The aim of this research is to develop and implement a simple spatio-temporal model of population location that might improve risk assessment and damage analysis for decision-making in both the Finnish Fire and Rescue Services and the Finnish Defence Forces. The motivation for the research is that present risk models do not take into account the temporal variation in population location during different times of the day. We use spatio-temporal modelling methods to model the population dynamics, and visualization techniques to represent the model outcomes. In addition, we apply the developed model to a damage-analysis application. The case study site is located in the centre of Helsinki. The model uses a basic population and workplace dataset maintained by the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council. By means of this model, we intend to advance risk assessment, which considers the consequences of accidents. This model has the potential to help decision-makers evaluate their plans in several application areas-such as achieving better preparedness by having more reliable evacuation plans and resource allocation. In addition to the application-related technological research, a more generic framework about decision-making supported by spatio-temporal knowledge and visualization is presented.

/pdf/a-spatio-temporal-population-model-to-support-risk-18uypw2in6.pdf

A spatio-temporal population model to support risk assessment and damage analysis for decision-making

Segmentation of lines based on point densities--an optimisation of wildlife warning sign placement in southern Finland.

Various applications, ranging from map creation tools to navigation systems, employ methods introduced by the domain of georeferencing, which investigates techniques for uniquely identifying geographical objects. This paper aims to provide an overview of ongoing challenges of the georeferencing domain by presenting, classifying and exploring the field and its relevant methods and applications.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19475683.2013.868826

Georeferencing: a review of methods and applications

The book consists of peer-reviewed papers from the 9th symposium on Location Based Services (LBS) which is targeted to researchers, industry/market operators and students of different backgrounds (scientific, engineering and humanistic). As the research field is developing and changing fast, this book follows up on current trends and gives suggestions and guidance to further research. This book offers a common ground bringing together various disciplines and practice, knowledge, experiences, plans and ideas on how LBS can and could be improved and on how it will influence both science and society. The book comprises front-end publications organized into sections on: spatial-temporal data acquisition, processing & analysis; positioning / indoor positioning; way-finding / navigation (indoor / outdoor) & smart mobile phone navigation; interactions, user studies and evaluations; innovative LBS systems & applications.

Jukka M. Krisp

Papers

Location based services: ongoing evolution and research agenda

A spatio-temporal population model to support risk assessment and damage analysis for decision-making

Segmentation of lines based on point densities--an optimisation of wildlife warning sign placement in southern Finland.

Georeferencing: a review of methods and applications

Progress in Location-Based Services