자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/201/4359/899.2.full.pdf

Phenomenology of perception.

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Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences

“WHAT can men do, what do they do, and what do they want to do ?”—these are the uestions that Prof. Thorndike seeks to answer in a very comprehensive and elaborate treatise. His undertaking is inspired by the belief that man has the possibility of almost complete control of his fate if only he will be guided by science, and that his failures are attributable to ignorance or folly. The main approach is through biological psychology, but all the social sciences are appealed to and utilized in an effort to deal with the human problem as a whole. The relative immaturity of the sciences dealing with man is continually stressed, but it is claimed that they provide a body of facts and principles which are “far above zero knowledge”, and that even now they are capable of affording valuable guidance in the shaping of public policy. Human Nature and the Social Order By E. L. Thorndike. Pp. xx + 1020. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1940.) 18s. net.

Human Nature and the Social Order

Qualitative research has grown within sport and exercise psychology and is now widely conducted The purpose of this review is to discuss three commonly used ways to demonstrate rigor when conducti

/pdf/developing-rigor-in-qualitative-research-problems-and-19fyt0h58o.pdf

Developing rigor in qualitative research: problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively review the body of research on exercise and global self-esteem (GSE). This review focuses specifically on studies using adults and also incorporates both published and unpublished works. Computer and manual searches identified 113 studies matching the selection criteria. Each study was coded according to 20 study features. A total of 128 effect sizes (d) were derived. As indicated by effect-size magnitude, participation in exercise brought about a small change in GSE (d = +0.23). Change in physical fitness and type of program were significant moderators of the effect of exercise on GSE. Larger effect sizes were observed for those who experienced significant changes in physical fitness and those participating in exercise or lifestyle programs as opposed to skills training.

The Effect of Exercise on Global Self-Esteem: A Quantitative Review

Limited research has been conducted on gender differences in perceived environmental correlates of physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of gender in the link between perceived environment and PA. Using a telephone-administered survey, data was collected on leisure time physical activity (LTPA), perceptions of the neighbourhood environment, and self-efficacy in a representative sample of 1209 adults from the province of Alberta, Canada. LTPA was regressed on ten measures of perceived neighbourhood environment and self-efficacy in a series of logistic regressions. Women were more likely than men to perceive their neighbourhood as unsafe to go for walks at night (χ2 = 67.46, p < 0.001) and to report seeing people being active in their neighbourhood (χ2 = 6.73, p < 0.01). Conversely, women were less likely to perceive easy access to places for PA (χ2 = 11.50, p < 0.01) and availability of places to buy things within easy walking distance from home (χ2 = 4.30, p < 0.05). Adjusting for age, education, income, and place of residence, access to places for PA (OR = 2.49) and interesting things to look at in the neighbourhood (OR = 1.94), were associated with higher levels of LTPA in men. Access to places for PA (OR = 2.63) and reporting seeing people being active (OR = 1.50) were associated with increased LTPA among women. After controlling for sociodemographic variables and self-efficacy, the presence of shops and places to buy things within easy walking distance from home (OR = 1.73), interesting things to look at in the neighbourhood (OR = 1.65), and access to places for PA (OR = 1.82) were associated with higher levels of LTPA in men. Among women, no significant relationships were observed between perceived environment and LTPA after adjusting for self-efficacy. The results provide additional support for the use of models in which gender is treated as a potential moderator of the link between the perceived environment and PA. Further, the results suggest the possibility of differential interventions to increase PA based on factors associated with gender.

/pdf/gender-differences-in-perceived-environmental-correlates-of-57c6xp632y.pdf

Gender differences in perceived environmental correlates of physical activity

Centralizing culture in cultural sport psychology research: The potential of narrative inquiry and discursive psychology

Sport psychology researchers have recently focused their attention onto the topic of culture. Their recent findings have begun to be utilized by sport psychology practitioners to increase cross-cultural understandings and deliver culturally sensitized sport services. However, such practices are on the fringes of applied sport psychology. Our intent is to show how reflective practices and self-reflexivity (i.e., forms of introspection) of sport psychology consultants can contribute toward understanding cultural diversity issues in sport. An example in the form of a confessional tale from one of the author's consulting experiences with an Indigenous athlete will then be presented to illustrate non-reflective vs. reflective practices, and how each constrains vs. augments cultural sensitivity. We conclude with future considerations for sport psychology consultants.

Kerry R. McGannon

Papers

Developing rigor in qualitative research: problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology

The Effect of Exercise on Global Self-Esteem: A Quantitative Review

Gender differences in perceived environmental correlates of physical activity

Centralizing culture in cultural sport psychology research: The potential of narrative inquiry and discursive psychology

Toward cultural praxis and cultural sensitivity: strategies for self-reflexive sport psychology practice.