Review on phase change materials (PCMs) for cold thermal energy storage applications

Natural fibers today are a popular choice for applications in composite manufacturing. Based on the sustainability benefits, biofibers such as plant fibers are replacing synthetic fibers in composites. These fibers are used to manufacture several biocomposites. The chemical composition and properties of each of the fibers changes, which demands the detailed comparison of these fibers. The reinforcement potential of natural fibers and their properties have been described in numerous papers. Today, high performance biocomposites are produced from several years of research. Plant fibers, particularly bast and leaf, find applications in automotive industries. While most of the other fibers are explored in lab scales they have not yet found large-scale commercial applications. It is necessary to also consider other fibers such as ones made from seed (coir) and animals (chicken feather) as they are secondary or made from waste products. Few plant fibers such as bast fibers are often reviewed briefly but other p...

A Review of Natural Fibers Used in Biocomposites: Plant, Animal and Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

Thermal Regulation of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics Using Phase Change Materials

We present a bibliography on moving and free boundary problems for the heatdiffusion equation, particularly regarding the Stefan and related problems. It contains 5869 titles referring to 588 scientific Journals, 122 books, 88 symposia (having at least 3 contributions on the subject), 30 collections, 59 thesis and 247 technical reports. It tries to give a comprehensive account of the western existing mathematicalphysical-engineering literature on this research field. RESUMEN Se presenta una bibliografía sobre problemas de frontera móvil y libre para la ecuación del calor-difusión, en particular sobre el problema de Stefan y problemas relacionados. Contiene 5869 títulos distribuidos en 588 revistas científicas, 122 libros, 88 simposios (teniendo al menos 3 contribuciones en el tema), 30 colecciones, 59 tesis y 247 informes técnicos o prepublicaciones. Se da un informe amplio de la bibliografía matemática, física y de las ingenierías existente en occidente sobre este tema de investigación. Primary Mathematics Subject Classification Number (*): 35R35, 80A22 Secondary Mathematics Subject Classification Number (*): 35B40, 35C05, 35C15, 35Kxx, 35R30, 46N20, 49J20, 65Mxx, 65Nxx, 76R50, 76S05, 76T05, 93C20. (*) Following the 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification compiled by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt fur Mathematik. Primary key words: Enthalpy formulation or method, Filtration, Free boundary problems, Freezing, Melting, Moving boundary problems, Mushy region, Phase-change problem, Solidification, Stefan problem. Secondary key words: Continuous mechanics, Diffusion process, Functional analysis, Heat conduction, Mathematical methods, Numerical methods, Partial differential equations, Variational inequalities, Weak solutions. Palabras claves primarias: Método o formulación en entalpía, Filtración, Problemas de frontera libre, Congelación, Derretimiento, Problemas de frontera móvil, Región pastosa, Problema de cambio de fase, Solidificación, Problema de Stefan. Palabras claves secundarias: Mecánica del continuo, Procesos difusivos, Análisis funcional, Conducción del calor, Métodos matemáticos, Métodos numéricos, Ecuaciones diferenciales a derivadas parciales, Inecuaciones variacionales, Soluciones débiles. El manuscrito fue recibido y aceptado en octubre de 1999. D.A. Tarzia, A bibliography on FBP. The Stefan problem, MAT Serie A, # 2 (2000). 3

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A bibliography on moving-free boundary problems for the heat-diffusion equation. The stefan and related problems

Recent literatures in the field of cold thermal energy storage (CTES) are reviewed. First, the concept of the CTES is explained. Examples of load leveling of electrical energy in various countries are presented. Various types of the CTES are defined and compared as for their merits and demerits. The compared systems are a cold water storage vs. an ice-making storage, a static ice-making storage vs. a dynamic ice-making storage, and direct ice-making vs. indirect ice-making. Approximately 140 papers are reviewed and divided into five categories: (1) performance of successful systems, (2) simulation and control, (3) cold water storage, (4) static ice-making storage, and (5) dynamic ice-making storage. Finally, suggestions for future research are provided.

Recent advances in research on cold thermal energy storage

'Green' composites were fabricated from poly lactic acid (PLA) and bamboo fibers by using a conventional hot pressing method. The insulating properties of the PLA-bamboo fiber 'green' composites were evaluated by determination of the thermal conductivity, which was measured using a hot-wire method. The thermal conductivity values were compared with theoretical estimations. It was demonstrated that thermal conductivity of PLA-bamboo fiber 'green' composites is smaller than that of conventional composites, such as glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs) and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs). The thermal conductivity of PLA-bamboo fiber 'green' composites was significantly influenced by their density, and was in fair agreement with theoretical predictions based on Russell's model. The PLA-bamboo fiber composites have low thermal conductivity comparable with that of woods.

Thermal conductivity of PLA-bamboo fiber composites

A numerical analysis of solid-liquid phase change heat transfer around a single and two horizontal, vertically spaced cylinders in a rectangular cavity

Transient cooling of water around a cylinder in a rectangular cavity—a numerical analysis of the effect of the position of the cylinder

The penetration of water during water flooding has been observed over many years using several methods. A microfocused X-ray computed tomography scanner can be used to directly observe 3D water flooding in a nondestructive manner. To eliminate the possibility of false images being produced because of X-ray broadening effects, we developed a visualization method by arranging the brightness distribution of all phases involved. Water flooding experiments were conducted using oil-wet and water-wet porous media. The water phase was injected upward into packed glass beads containing an oil phase, and the process was scanned every minute until steady state was reached. Using this scheme, real-time, the water invasion pattern and oil trapping process in clusters of pores and individual pores can be observed clearly. By eliminating false images, the boundary of each phase could be identified with high precision, even in a single pore. Porelevel phenomena, including snap off (which has never before been captured in a real 3D porous medium), piston-like displacement, and the curvature of the interface, were also observed. Direct measurement of the pore throat radius and the contact angle between the wetting and nonwetting phases gave an approximation of the capillary pressure during the piston-like displacement and snap-off processes.

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/JFCMV_2014041509262036.pdf

Three-Dimensional Imaging of Pore-Scale Water Flooding Phenomena in Water-Wet and Oil-Wet Porous Media

Transient natural convection in water around a cooled horizontal cylinder placed at the center of a rectangular enclosure has been studied. The governing equations were solved by a finite difference method, and the flow structure and temperature distributions have been predicted. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the density inversion and the initial temperature of water on the cooling process. The initial water temperature was varied at 4, 6, 8, and 12°C, white the temperature of the cylinder surface was fixed at 0°C. The timewise variations of the temperature field and the velocity field as well as the mean and local Nusselt numbers on the cylinder surface were compared. Change in the initial water temperature largely affects fluid flows due to the density inversion of water. Complicated flow patterns are observed for initial water temperature higher than 4°; C. Cooling of water is most effective for an initial water temperature of 12°; C.

Koji Kusano

Papers

Thermal conductivity of PLA-bamboo fiber composites

A numerical analysis of solid-liquid phase change heat transfer around a single and two horizontal, vertically spaced cylinders in a rectangular cavity

Transient cooling of water around a cylinder in a rectangular cavity—a numerical analysis of the effect of the position of the cylinder

Three-Dimensional Imaging of Pore-Scale Water Flooding Phenomena in Water-Wet and Oil-Wet Porous Media

Effect of density inversion on cooling of water around a cylinder in a rectangular cavity