Розвиток та імплементацію навчальних мовних програм можливо здійснювати декількома шляхами, кожен з яких має різні імплікації дизайну курикулуму. У статті робиться спроба описати та порівняти три курикулумних підходи. Поняття форвардного, центрального та зворотного дизайну забезпечує ефективне модельне уявлення про різноманітні підходи дизайну курикулуму та їх практичне застосування. Ключові слова: навчальний план; форвардний, центральний та зворотний дизайн; методи, методика, оцінювання.

Curriculum development in language teaching

Acknowledgements Introduction PART ONE - BACKGROUND Introduction 1. Second language acquisition research: an overview PART TWO - THE DESCRIPTION OF LEARNER LANGUAGE Introduction 2. Learner errors and error analysis 3. Developmental patterns: order and sequence in second language acquisition 4. Variability in learner language 5. Pragmatic aspects of learner language PART THREE - EXPLAINING SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: EXTERNAL FACTORS Introduction 6. Social factors and second language acquisition 7. Input and interaction and second language acquisition PART FOUR - EXPLAINING SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: INTERNAL FACTORS Introduction 8. Language transfer 9. Cognitive accounts of second language acquisition 10. Linguistic universals and second language acquisition PART FIVE - EXPLAINING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Introduction 11. Individual learner differences 12. Learning strategies PART SIX - CLASSROOM SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Introduction 13. Classroom interaction and second language acquisition 14. Formal instruction and second language acquisition PART SEVEN - CONCLUSION Introduction 15. Data, theory, and applications in second language acquisition research Glossary Bibliography Author index Subject index

第二语言习得研究 = The study of second language acquisition

The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

Developing Second‐Language Skills: Theory and Practice

Ema Ushioda Trinity College Dublin, Ireland LANGUAGE LEARNING AT UNIVERSITY: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF MOTIVATIONAL THINKING

This study reports a research project which compared teacher and peer assessment of English university students’ compositions. In addition, it investigated possible friendship bias in peer assessment as well as the impacts of this practice on learners’ attitudes towards it. To this aim, a total of 38 university students of English who were passing their writing course took a proficiency test and filled in a pre-questionnaire. Afterwards, training and practice sessions on using Jacobs et al.’s composition profile followed. The actual peer assessment of compositions, teacher assessment, and administration of a post-questionnaire were the subsequent practices employed respectively. To analyze the collected data from the 26 subjects who participated in all parts of the study paired-sample t-tests and chi square were applied. The results revealed no significant difference between the learners’ peer assessment and teacher assessment. No friendship bias was found in peer assessment, but this practice led to the change of students’ attitudes towards a positive perception on peer assessment.

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Peer assessment in an EFL context: attitudes and friendship bias

Motivation as one of the most important considerations in language learning has been extensively investigated based on various models and theories. In this study, to enrich our understanding of th e attitudinal/motivational basis of foreign language learning with regard to possible gender differences, Dornyei's theory of L2 Motivational Self System was applied. A total of 1462 junior high school students, 708 females and 754 males participated in the study. Independent samples t-test, correlation and regression analyses were applied to investigate students' motivational status. The results indicated that there was no significan t difference between the two groups' attitudes toward learning English; females gained a higher mean on Ideal L2 Self and intended effort while males had a higher mean on Ought-to L2 Self. Moreover, for both groups, the highest correlation belonged to attitudes toward learning English and intended effort. Similarly, the best and strongest predictor of students' intended effort was their attitude toward learning English.

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Junior High School Students' L2 Motivational Self System: Any Gender Differences?

Issues in Materials Development provides readers with theoretical foundations and practical aspects of designing materials for EFL/ESL contexts. It starts with discussing some basic and preliminary principles of materials design followed by scrutinizing critical issues in materials development in an objective and systematic way. This ranges from considering learners’ needs, adopting, adapting, selection, and gradation of materials to the specific focus of the book on developing various types of materials for the four language skills, pronunciation, ESP vocabulary, and computer assisted language learning materials. Authenticity of materials to be designed and the inclusion of affective factors to develop motivating materials to engage language learners, in addition to features of materials design at a universal level are other areas to read about. This book finally tries to open new horizons and possible futuristic approaches to improve today’s ELT materials.

Issues in Materials Development

Textbooks are believed to be an essential component of the classrooms. Teachers usually spend a lot of class time on using textbooks and choosing an appropriate one. Therefore, textbook evaluation is important to improve and increase their fitness to the needs and goals. Specifically, in courses of English for specific purposes (ESP), textbooks play an important role on students’ future in continuing their field of study and using their English skills in workplaces. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the English for students of management coursebook. For this purpose, Miekley’s (2005) checklist was used to evaluate the book considering five major aspects. Qualitative descriptive analyses were used to evaluate the current textbook based on the guidelines and framework presented in the available checklist. The results indicated that the textbook can be appropriate for management students but should be modified in some cases to fulfill the course goals and encourage students to use what they learn in their future workplace.

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ESP Book Evaluation: The Case of Management Course Book

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of podcasting on Iranian learner’s motivation and attitude. The participants consisted of 60 male students including 30 participants for the experimental group and 30 for the control group. All of them were studying in the second junior high school in Shahed school in Semnan, Iran. Their age ranged from 13 to14. The researchers randomly selected Shahed school from a list of all junior high schools inSemnan province. In addition, data were collected by using a questionnaire and an interview. In the present study, the researchers used Nelson’s proficiency test for homogenizing the learners.Moreover, theresearchers collected the data through one questionnaire and an interview as data gathering instruments and podcasts and ‘Prospect 2’ book as instructional materials. A 46-item motivation questionnaire focused on evaluating English learners’ beliefs and attitudes in Iran. A 7-item researcher-made interview was conducted with 10 participants. The main purpose of this interview was to investigate the effect of podcasting on the learners’ attitude.The results of data analysis revealed that the application of podcasts as a motivational teaching strategy significantly benefited the experimental group to show a higher mean on classroom motivation. It also revealed that the application of podcast changes the learners’ motivation positively.

Maryam Azarnoosh

Papers

Peer assessment in an EFL context: attitudes and friendship bias

Junior High School Students' L2 Motivational Self System: Any Gender Differences?

Issues in Materials Development

ESP Book Evaluation: The Case of Management Course Book

The Effect of Podcasting on Iranian EFL Learners' Motivation and Attitude