Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity

Preface Introduction: Traditions of Nationhood in France and Germany I. The Institution of Citizenship 1. Citizenship as Social Closure 2. The French Revolution and the Invention of National Citizenship 3. State, State-System, and Citizenship in Germany II. Defining The Citizenry: The Bounds of Belonging 4. Citizenship and Naturalization in France and Germany 5. Migrants into Citizens: The Crystallization of Jus Soli in Late-Nineteenth-Century France 6. The Citizenry as Community of Descent: The Nationalization of Citizenship in Wilhelmine Germany 7. \"Etre Francais, Cela se Merite\": Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in France in the 1980s 8. Continuities in the German Politics of Citizenship Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany.

Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy

The Social Psychology of Groups. J. W Thibaut & H. H. Kelley. New York: alley, 1959. The team of Thibaut and Kelley goes back to 1946 when, after serving in different units of the armed services psychology program, the authors joined the Research Center for Group Dynamics, first at M.LT and then at the University of Michigan. Their continued association eventuated in appointments as fellows at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 19561957. It is during these years that their collaboration resulted in the publication of The Social Psychology of Groups. The book was designed to "bring order and coherence to present-day research in interpersonal relations and group functioning." To accomplish this aim, the authors introduced, defined, and illustrated basic concepts in an effort to explain the simplest of social phenomena, the two-person relationship. These basic principles and concepts were then employed to illuminate larger problems and more complex social relationships and to examine the significance of such concepts as roles, norm, power, group cohesiveness, and status. The lasting legacy of this book is derived from the fact that the concepts and principles discussed therein serve as a foundation for one of the dominant conceptual frameworks in the field of family studies today-the social exchange framework. Specifically, much of our contemporary thinking about the process of interpersonal attraction and about how individuals evaluate their close relationships has been influenced by the theory and concepts introduced in The Social Psychology of Groups. Today, as a result of Thibaut and Kelley, we think of interpersonal attraction as resulting from the unique valence of driving and restraining forces, rewards and costs, subjectively thought to be available from a specific relationship and its competing alternatives. We understand, as well, that relationships are evaluated through complex and subjectively based comparative processes. As a result, when we think about assessing the degree to which individuals are satisfied with their relationships, we take into consideration the fact that individuals differ in terms of the importance they attribute to different aspects of a relationship (e.g., financial security, sexual fulfillment, companionship). We also take into consideration the fact that individuals differ in terms of the levels of rewards and costs that they believe are realistically obtainable and deserved from a relationship. In addition, as a result of Thibaut and Kelley's theoretical focus on the concept of dependence and the interrelationship between attraction and dependence, there has evolved within the field of family studies a deeper appreciation for the complexities and variability found within relationships. Individuals are dependent on their relationships, according to Thibaut and Kelley, when the outcomes derived from the existing relationship exceed those perceived to be available in competing alternatives. Individuals who are highly dependent on their relationships are less likely to act to end their relationships. This dependence and the stability it engenders may or may not be voluntary, depending on the degree to which individuals are attracted to and satisfied with their relationships. When individuals are both attracted to and dependent on their relationships, they can be thought of as voluntarily participating in their relationship. That is, they are likely to commit themselves to the partner and relationship and actively work for its continuance. Thibaut and Kelley termed those relationships characterized by low levels of satisfaction and high levels of dependence "nonvoluntary relationships. …

The Social Psychology of Groups

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https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fjors.1974.92.pdf

The Nature of Managerial Work

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.ap.5500015.pdf

The Macro Polity

This paper addresses the arguments in favour ofboth the decentralization andcentralization of publicpolicy making. It points out that the same argumentsare sometimesused to advance either claim and that indifferent countries opposite arguments are used tosupport the same claim. Clearly, the inherent featuresof centralization and decentralization are far fromobvious. A closer look at the attention given to theissue by political parties at the national level infour European countries reveals that decentralizationbecomes an issue in these countries at differentperiods and as a cause of different arguments, whichrather reflect the dominant values in the politicalculture than refer to inherent properties of decentralizationitself. An analysis of opinions of local elites points at therelation between their opinion on decentralizing responsibilitiesin a specific field and the support for existing institutionalarrangements, their own influence in the policy field andthe predisposition towards decentralization tendencies. Thisresults in the conclusion that the support for decentralizationtendencies is more closely related to existing specific institutionalarrangements, and to the degree to which it is expected to influenceone's own position, than to its inherent merits.

The rise and fall of decentralization: A comparative analysis of arguments and practices in European countries

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to discuss the idea that new public management (NPM) would be passe. Design/methodology/approach – The article is based on a review of existing theories. Findings – The article argues that NPM has two dimensions, namely the minimization of the role of government vis-a-vis society and the improvement of the internal performance of the public sector. Whereas the first dimension is indeed more and more disputed nowadays this does not imply this also goes for the second dimension. The conclusion of this article calls for explanatory empirical research in order to explain the increasing variance in reforms among countries, by investigating which factors are determinative for decisions by governments to turn one way or the other. Practical implications – It is far from certain which way the public sector is heading in the so-called post-NPM era. Some countries are still implementing NPM-kind of reforms, either by downsizing or by introducing performance management. Other...

Public Sector Reform: An overview of recent literature and research on NPM and alternative paths

Eager to learn from private sector trends, practitioners in (semi)public organizations across the world have recently turned their eyes to the concept of work engagement to improve employee perform...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0734371X19840399

The Attitudinal, Behavioral, and Performance Outcomes of Work Engagement: A Comparative Meta-Analysis Across the Public, Semipublic, and Private Sector:

The article presents the results of an empirical analysis of interdependence, cooperation and conflict. The results show a curvilinear relationship between these three variables. Interdependence is measured by four indicators: the politico-military, economic, institutional and diplomatic ties between nation-states. The structure of interdependence relations in the period 1950-60 is analysed by means of multidimensional scaling techniques. The structure of cooperation and conflict is measured accordingly. The conclusions from the analysis are: first, that the four aspects of interdependence are closely related; second, that the structure of interdependence is relatively stable through time; and third, that strong ties of interdependence are not only related to processes of intensive integration, but also to processes of intensive conflict. The results show that interdependence has the effect of intensifying relations among nation-states irrespective of their nature. It intensifies not only processes of cooperation, but also conflictual processes.

Michiel S. de Vries

Papers

The Macro Polity

The rise and fall of decentralization: A comparative analysis of arguments and practices in European countries

Public Sector Reform: An overview of recent literature and research on NPM and alternative paths

The Attitudinal, Behavioral, and Performance Outcomes of Work Engagement: A Comparative Meta-Analysis Across the Public, Semipublic, and Private Sector:

Interdependence, Cooperation and Conflict: An Empirical Analysis