비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

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Introduction To Electrodynamics

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Introduction To Polymers

The feasibility of tuning the band structure of phononic crystals is demonstrated by employing magnetostrictive materials and applying an external magnetic field. Band structures are calculated with a plane wave expansion method that accounts for coupling between the elastic behavior and the magnetic field through the development of elastic, piezomagnetic, and magnetic permeability effective tensors. We show the contactless tunability of the absolute band gaps of a two-dimensional phononic crystal composed of an epoxy matrix and Terfenol-D inclusions. The tunable phononic crystal behaves like a transmission switch for elastic waves when the magnitude of an applied magnetic field crosses a threshold.

Tunable magnetoelastic phononic crystals

The mechanical response of a homogeneous isotropic linearly elastic material can be fully characterized by two physical constants, the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio, which can be derived by simple tensile experiments. Any other linear elastic parameter can be obtained from these two constants. By contrast, the physical responses of nonlinear elastic materials are generally described by parameters which are scalar functions of the deformation, and their particular choice is not always clear. Here, we review in a unified theoretical framework several nonlinear constitutive parameters, including the stretch modulus, the shear modulus and the Poisson function, that are defined for homogeneous isotropic hyperelastic materials and are measurable under axial or shear experimental tests. These parameters represent changes in the material properties as the deformation progresses, and can be identified with their linear equivalent when the deformations are small. Universal relations between certain of these parameters are further established, and then used to quantify nonlinear elastic responses in several hyperelastic models for rubber, soft tissue and foams. The general parameters identified here can also be viewed as a flexible basis for coupling elastic responses in multi-scale processes, where an open challenge is the transfer of meaningful information between scales.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2017.0607

How to characterize a nonlinear elastic material? A review on nonlinear constitutive parameters in isotropic finite elasticity.

Rubber-like materials consist of chain-like macromolecules that are more or less closely connected to each other via entanglements or cross-links As an idealisation, this particular structure can be described as a completely random three-dimensional network To capture the elastic and nearly incompressible mechanical behaviour of this material class, numerous phenomenological and micro-mechanically motivated models have been proposed in the literature This contribution reviews fourteen selected representatives of these models, derives analytical stress–stretch relations for certain homogeneous deformation modes and summarises the details required for stress tensors and consistent tangent operators The latter, although prevalently missing in the literature, are indispensable ingredients in utilising any kind of constitutive model for the numerical solution of boundary value problems by iterative approaches like the Newton–Raphson scheme Furthermore, performance and validity of the models with regard to the classical experimental data on vulcanised rubber published by Treloar (Trans Faraday Soc 40:59–70, 1944) are evaluated These data are here considered as a prototype or worst-case scenario of highly nonlinear elastic behaviour, although inelastic characteristics are clearly observable but have been tacitly ignored by many other authors

Hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials: consistent tangent operators and suitability for Treloar’s data

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are a class of recently emerged smart materials whose moduli are largely influenced when exposed to an external magnetic field. The MREs are particulate composites, where micro-sized magnetic particles are dispersed inside a non-magnetic polymeric matrix. These elastomers are known for changing their mechanical and rheological properties in the presence of a magnetic field. This change in properties is widely known as the magnetorheological (MR) effect. The MR effect depends on a number of factors such as type of matrix materials, type, concentration and distribution of magnetic particles, use of additives, working modes, and magnetic field strength. The investigation of MREs’ mechanical properties in both off-field and on-field (i.e. absence and presence of a magnetic field) is crucial to deploy them in real engineering applications. The common magneto-mechanical characterization experiments of MREs include static and dynamic compression, tensile, and shear tests in both off-field and on-field. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the magneto-mechanical characterizations of MREs along with brief coverage of the MRE materials and their fabrication methods.

/pdf/a-review-on-magneto-mechanical-characterizations-of-44oze4h4zx.pdf

A review on magneto-mechanical characterizations of magnetorheological elastomers

Experimental study and numerical modelling of VHB 4910 polymer

A theory of finite deformation magneto-viscoelasticity

Abstract Rubber-like materials can deform largely and nonlinearly upon loading, and they return to the initial configuration when the load is removed. Such rubber elasticity is achieved due to very flexible long-chain molecules and a three-dimensional network structure that is formed via cross-linking or entanglements between molecules. Over the years, to model the mechanical behavior of such randomly oriented microstructures, several phenomenological and micromechanically motivated network models for nearly incompressible hyperelastic polymeric materials have been proposed in the literature. To implement these models for polymeric material (undoubtedly with widespread engineering applications) in the finite element framework for solving a boundary value problem, one would require two important ingredients, i.e., the stress tensor and the consistent fourth-order tangent operator, where the latter is the result of linearization of the former. In our previous work, 14 such material models are reviewed by deriving the accurate stress tensors and tangent operators from a group of phenomenological and micromechanical models at large deformations. The current contribution will supplement some further important models that were not included in the previous work. For comparison of all selected models in reproducing the well-known Treloar data, the analytical expressions for the three homogeneous defomation modes, i.e., uniaxial tension, equibiaxial tension, and pure shear, have been derived and the performances of the models are analyzed.

Mokarram Hossain

Papers

Hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials: consistent tangent operators and suitability for Treloar’s data

A review on magneto-mechanical characterizations of magnetorheological elastomers

Experimental study and numerical modelling of VHB 4910 polymer

A theory of finite deformation magneto-viscoelasticity

More hyperelastic models for rubber-like materials: consistent tangent operators and comparative study