Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

The aim of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to explore in detail how participants are making sense of their personal and social world, and the main currency for an IPA study is the meanings particular experiences, events, states hold for participants. The approach is phenomenological (see Chapter 3) in that it involves detailed examination of the participant’s lifeworld; it attempts to explore personal experience and is concerned with an individual’s personal perception or account of an object or event, as opposed to an attempt to produce an objective statement of the object or event itself. At the same time, IPA also emphasizes that the research exercise is a dynamic process with an active role for the researcher in that process. One is trying to get close to the participant’s personal world, to take, in Conrad’s (1987) words, an ‘insider’s perspective’, but one cannot do this directly or completely. Access depends on, and is complicated by, the researcher’s own conceptions; indeed, these are required in order to make sense of that other personal world through a process of interpretative activity. Thus, a two-stage interpretation process, or a double hermeneutic, is involved. The participants are trying to make sense of their world; the researcher is trying to make sense of the participants trying to make sense of their world. IPA is therefore intellectually connected to hermeneutics and theories of interpretation (Packer and Addison, 1989; Palmer, 1969; Smith, in press; see also Chapter 2 this volume). Different interpretative stances are possible, and IPA combines an empathic hermeneutics with a questioning hermeneutics. Thus, consistent with its phenomenological origins, IPA is concerned with trying to understand what it is like, from the point of view of the participants, to take their side. At the same time, a detailed IPA analysis can also involve asking critical questions of the texts from participants, such as the following: What is the person trying to achieve here? Is something leaking out here that wasn’t intended? Do I have a sense of something going on here that maybe the participants themselves are less aware of?

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Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/201/4359/899.2.full.pdf

Phenomenology of perception.

Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma

Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world

1. Uncovering the Knowledge Embedded in Clinical Nursing Practice. 2. The Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition Applied to Nursing. 3. An Interpretive Approach to Identifying and Describing Clinical Knowledge. 4. The Helping Role. 5. The Teaching-Coaching Function. 6. The Diagnostic and Monitoring Function. 7. Effective Management of Rapidly Changing Situations. 8. Administering and Monitoring Therapeutic Interventions and Regimens. 9. Monitoring and Ensuring the Quality of Health Care Practices. 10. Organizational and Work-Role Competencies. 11. Implications for Research and Clinical Practice. 12. Implications for Career Development and Education. 13. The Quest for a New Identity and New Entitlement in Nursing. 14. Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Epilogue: Practical Applications. References. Glossary. Appendix. Index.

From novice to expert : excellence and power in clinical nursing practice

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From Novice to Expert

This book examines the nature of clinical knowledge and judgment. The authors present a report of a six-year study of over 1,300 hospital nurses, primarily in critical care. The contributors document and analyze their clinical narratives for stages of clinical skill acquisition and the components of expert practice. Ultimately, this work examines the meaning of expertise in nursing practice through the nurse's use of scientific knowledge, professional experience, and careful attention to each patient's changing condition.

Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment and Ethics

Foreword. Acknowledgments. The Authors. Introduction. PART ONE: Transformation, Crisis, and Opportunity. 1. A Profession Transformed. 2. Teaching and Learning in Clinical Situations. 3. Teaching and Learning in the Classroom and Skills Lab. 4. A New Approach to Nursing Education. PART TWO: Teaching for a Sense of Salience. 5. Paradigm Case: Diane Pestolesi, Practitioner and Teacher. 6. Strategies for Teaching for a Sense of Salience. PART THREE: Integrative Teaching for Clinical Imagination. 7. Paradigm Case: Lisa Day, Classroom and Clinical Instructor. 8. Developing a Clinical Imagination. 9. Connecting Classroom and Clinical Through Integrative Teaching and Learning. PART FOUR: Teaching for Moral Imagination. 10. Paradigm Case: Sarah Shannon, Nurse Ethicist. 11. Being a Nurse. 12. Formation from a Critical Stance. PART FIVE: A Call for Radical Transformation. 13. Improving Nursing Education at the Program Level. Appendix: Methods for the Carnegie National Nursing Education Study. References. Index.

Educating nurses : a call for radical transformation

1 The Primacy of Caring. 2 On What It Is to Be a Person. 3 Phenomenological View of Stress and Coping. 4 Coping with Illness Across the Adult Lifespan. 5 Health Promotion. 6 Coping with Symptoms. 7 Coping with a Coronary Illness. 8 Coping with Cancer. 9 Coping with Neurological Illnesses. 10 Coping with Caregiving.

Patricia Benner

Papers

From novice to expert : excellence and power in clinical nursing practice

From Novice to Expert

Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment and Ethics

Educating nurses : a call for radical transformation

The Primacy of Caring: Stress and Coping in Health and Illness