A review on the current research on microwave processing techniques applied to graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes: An emerging approach beyond conventional heating

In this study, nanostructured composites with a unique morphology have been synthesized by dry microwave irradiation for application in supercapacitor electrodes. The microstructure of the hybrid material consisted of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets homogeneously covered by nearly uniform-sized, faceted Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. During the synthesis, graphite oxide was reduced, and FeCl 3 .6H 2 O was simultaneously decomposed into Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The surface morphology, the defects created in the rGO nanosheets by the addition of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, and the specific surface area of the as-synthesized materials have been studied. The electrode material, when tested in 1 M KOH electrolyte, delivered a specific capacitance of 771.3 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Moreover, a high stability towards continuous charge/discharge cycling was observed, with ∼95.1 % capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The synthesis approach adopted in this work could be applied to similar composite electrodes using layered conductive structures combined with metal oxides. • Composites with a unique morphology have been synthesized by microwave irradiation. • Composite consists of reduced graphene oxide fully covered by Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. • Composite material used as electrode in supercapacitor shows improved performance. • Composite materials delivered high value of specific capacitance (about 771.3 F/g). • Nearly 95.1 % capacitance retention was achieved after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. 

Microwave-assisted synthesis of iron oxide homogeneously dispersed on reduced graphene oxide for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes

Hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium doped nickel sulfide nanoflower for high-performance supercapacitor

Abstract Human civilization has been relentlessly inspired by the nurturing lessons; nature is teaching us. From birds to airplanes and bullet trains, nature gave us a lot of perspective in aiding the progress and development of countless industries, inventions, transportation, and many more. Not only that nature inspired us in such technological advances but also, nature stimulated the advancement of micro- and nanostructures. Nature-inspired nanoarchitectures have been considered a favorable structure in electrode materials for a wide range of applications. It offers various positive attributes, especially in energy storage applications, such as the formation of hierarchical two-dimensional and three-dimensional interconnected networked structures that benefit the electrodes in terms of high surface area, high porosity and rich surface textural features, and eventually, delivering high capacity and outstanding overall material stability. In this review, we comprehensively assessed and compiled the recent advances in various nature-inspired based on animal- and human-inspired nanostructures used for supercapacitors. This comprehensive review will help researchers to accommodate nature-inspired nanostructures in industrializing energy storage and many other applications. 

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Animal- and Human-Inspired Nanostructures as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials: A Review

Supercapacitors can harvest electrical energy from intermittent sources and transfer it quickly, but their specific energy must be raised if they are applied to efficiently power wearable and flexible electronics, as well as larger equipment. However, the remaining big gap between the lab research and practical applications seriously hinders the further progress of advanced supercapacitors, especially for electrode materials. Consequently, from a commercial/usable perspective, a clear guideline from lab research to commercialization is highly desired for bringing advanced supercapacitors from basic research into reality. This review focuses on the key factors of advanced supercapacitors from lab research to commercialization and summarizes recent progress in the field of supercapacitors as well as outlines key perspectives for future research. First, the several energy storage mechanisms are illustrated for building better supercapacitors. Then, the up‐to‐date key achievements and progresses of smart methods toward high‐energy supercapacitors and effective strategies for commercial‐level mass‐loading as well as high packing density electrodes are summarized and commented upon. Also, integrated systems of supercapacitors and application fields of commercial supercapacitors are also highlighted. Subsequently, future research directions are presented here to guide research toward the commercialization of advanced supercapacitors.

Rational Design of Electrode Materials for Advanced Supercapacitors: From Lab Research to Commercialization

Supercapacitors (SCs) are energy storage devices with unique characteristics, and together with batteries have generated a significant research effort, with various types of electrode materials been developed over the last...

Advances in Pseudocapacitive and Battery-like Electrode Materials for High Performance Supercapacitors

Eighteen (12–15 months) buffalo calves were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each in randomized block design. The control group received basal diet with no supplemental Zn (control) while animals in ZS nad ZM groups were supplemented with 40 ppm Zn in form of zinc sulphate heptahydtrae and zinc methionine, respectively for 90 days. Body weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in ZM and ZS groups than control group. Feed conversion ratio was lower (P<0.05) in Zn supplemented groups than control group. Hemoglobin concentration showed significant (P<0.05) differences among treatments. Packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, neutrophil and lymphocyte values were higher (P<0.05) in ZM and ZS groups than in control group. Basophil, eosinophil and monocyte levels were similar in all the groups. Total protein, globulin, and glucose concentration was higher (P<0.05) in ZM and ZS groups compared to control group Plasma concentration of albumin and total immunoglobin was higher (P<0.05) in ZM group. Buffalo calves that received zinc methionine showed improved immunological status as compared to control.

R. K. Singh

Papers

Advances in Pseudocapacitive and Battery-like Electrode Materials for High Performance Supercapacitors

Effect of different sources of zinc on growth performance and haemato-biochemical profiles of murrah buffalo calves.