evidence showing similar craniopharyngioma and ada the jaw. I am delighted that a fifi appeared. It will remain the on the pathology of tumours system for some time yet. increased considerably in ti result it is now not so comfor and only reads with ease towards the centre of the bx truly a reference book r, \"readers\" book. ities between Congress held in Budapest during Lmantinoma of almost exclusively devoted to s steroid metabolism, their receptors th edition has effects on experimental mammary standard work and advanced human breast can of the nervous mention is made ofsome growth fa The book has main thrust of the book is to hickness; as a possible therapeutic implications. table to handle this reflects the intended readershil when opened As an outsider to this particuk ook. It is now breast cancer studies, I found 1 ather than a unsatisfactory. This was not becai presentations, which in themselves WR TIMPERLEY and well illustrated. The main de] overall lack of orientation and linkage. The briefdiscussion at the book helps no further. I suspect Practical Medical Microbiology. 13th ed. Ed JG Collee, JP Duguid, AG Fraser, BP Marmion (Pp 918; £29.50.) Churchill Livingstone. 1989. ISBN 0443-02323-8.

https://jcp.bmj.com/content/jclinpath/42/12/1315.1.full.pdf

Practical Medical Microbiology

The aim of this bi-monthly column is to highlight Cochrane Systematic Reviews of relevance to pregnancy and childbirth and to stimulate discussion on the relevance and implications of the review for practice. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organisation that prepares and maintains high quality systematic reviews to help people make well-informed decisions about healthcare and health policy. A systematic review tries to search for, appraise and bring together existing research to answer a specific research question. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) is published monthly online. Residents in countries with a national licence to The Cochrane Library, including the UK and Ireland, can access the Cochrane Library online, free of charge, through www.thecochranelibrary.com.

Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.

Wood, an earth-abundant material, is widely used in our everyday life. With its mesoporous structure, natural wood is comprised of numerous long, partially aligned channels (lumens) as well as nanochannels that stretch along its growth direction. This wood mesostructure is suitable for a range of emerging applications, especially as a membrane/separation material. Here, we report a mesoporous, three-dimensional (3D) wood membrane decorated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs/wood membrane) for efficient wastewater treatment. The 3D Pd NPs/wood membrane possesses the following advantages: (1) the uniformly distributed lignin within the wood mesostructure can effectively reduce Pd(II) ions to Pd NPs; (2) cellulose, with its abundant hydroxyl groups, can immobilize Pd NPs; (3) the partially aligned mesoporous wood channels as well as their inner ingenious microstructures increase the likelihood of wastewater contacting Pd NPs decorating the wood surface; (4) the long, Pd NP-decorated channels facilitate bul...

Mesoporous, Three-Dimensional Wood Membrane Decorated with Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Water Treatment

Health care associated infections are drawing increasing attention from patients, insurers, governments and regulatory bodies. This is not only because of the magnitude of the problem in terms of the associated morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment, but also due to the growing recognition that most of these are preventable. The medical community is witnessing in tandem unprecedented advancements in the understanding of pathophysiology of infectious diseases and the global spread of multi-drug resistant infections in health care set-ups. These factors, compounded by the paucity of availability of new antimicrobials have necessitated a re-look into the role of basic practices of infection prevention in modern day health care. There is now undisputed evidence that strict adherence to hand hygiene reduces the risk of cross-transmission of infections. With "Clean Care is Safer Care" as a prime agenda of the global initiative of WHO on patient safety programmes, it is time for developing countries to formulate the much-needed policies for implementation of basic infection prevention practices in health care set-ups. This review focuses on one of the simplest, low cost but least accepted from infection prevention: hand hygiene.

Hand hygiene: back to the basics of infection control.

Chronic, plaque-associated inflammation of the gingiva and the periodontium are among the most common oral diseases. Periodontitis (PD) is characterized by the inflammatory destruction of the periodontal attachment and alveolar bone, and its clinical appearance can be influenced by congenital as well as acquired factors. The existence of a rheumatic or other inflammatory systemic disease may promote PD in both its emergence and progress. However, there is evidence that PD maintains systemic diseases. Nevertheless, many mechanisms in the pathogenesis have not yet been examined sufficiently, so that a final explanatory model is still under discussion, and we hereby present arguments in favor of this. In this review, we also discuss in detail the fact that oral bacterial infections and inflammation seem to be linked directly to the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are findings that support the hypothesis that oral infections play a role in RA pathogenesis. Of special importance are the impact of periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis on citrullination, and the association of PD in RA patients with seropositivity toward rheumatoid factor and the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody.

/pdf/the-association-between-rheumatoid-arthritis-and-periodontal-1pc22a1w9p.pdf

The association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease

Nanotechnology is an exciting new area in science, with many possible applications in medicine. This article seeks to outline the role of different areas such as diagnosis of diseases, drug delivery, imaging, and so on.

Nanotechnology: the future medicine.

THE ORAL CAVITY APPEARS AS AN OPEN ECOSYSTEM, WITH A DYNAMIC BALANCE BETWEEN THE ENTRANCE OF MICROORGANISMS, COLONIZATION MODALITIES, AND HOST DEFENSES AIMED TO THEIR REMOVAL: To avoid elimination, bacteria need to adhere to either hard dental surfaces or epithelial surfaces. The oral biofilm formation and development, and the inside selection of specific microorganisms have been correlated with the most common oral pathologies, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and peri-implantitis. The mechanical removal of the biofilm and adjunctive use of antibiotic disinfectants or various antibiotics have been the conventional methods for periodontal therapy. Ozone (O3) is a triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms, and its application in medicine and dentistry has been indicated for the treatment of 260 different pathologies. The ozone therapy has been more beneficial than present conventional therapeutic modalities that follow a minimally invasive and conservative application to dental treatment. The exposition of molecular mechanisms of ozone further benefits practical function in dentistry.

Ozone therapy in dentistry: A strategic review.

Recent advances in research technology have allowed researchers to study bacteria in their natural environment. Dental biofilm forms via an ordered sequence of events, resulting in structured and functionally organized species rich microbial community and modern molecular biological techniques have identified about 1000 different bacterial species in the dental biofilm, twice as many as can be cultured. Sites for biofilm formation include all kinds of surfaces: natural materials above and below ground, metals, plastics, medical implant materials-even plant and body tissue. Wherever you find a combination of moisture, nutrients and a surface, you are likely to find biofilm. The biofilm is used to describe the communities of micro-organisms attached to a surface; such microbes are usually spatially organized into three-dimension structure and are enclosed in matrix of extracellular material derived both from the cells themselves and from the environment. Dental biofilm pathogenicity in the oral cavity is magnified by specific biofilm characteristics and modern molecular biological techniques have identified about 1000 different bacterial species in the dental biofilm, twice as many as can be cultured. Adaptation to a biofilm lifestyle involves regulation of a vast set of genes, and the micro-organisms are thus able to optimize phenotypic properties for the particular environment.

Biofilm: A dental microbial infection.

This study shows that in 28% negative studies, the conclusions are incorrect as insignificant P values are used to prove null hypothesis, which is incorrect. This incorrect conclusion shows the poor knowledge of research methodology of not only the researchers but also the peer reviewers and editors of the journals. If investigators are interested in testing equivalence of interventions, different study designs, for example, studies with a non-inferiority design, should be used.[5,6] This study highlights the importance of adequate reporting of various parameters in published studies which can be useful in checking the validity of the study. The issues of underreporting of these parameters are already explored in a few studies done for western and Indian journals.[7-9] This article highlights the importance of statistical review of submitted manuscripts. All manuscripts should be sent for statistical review and every journal should have a statistical editor. It is possible that conclusions of such articles become the basis for the application of one intervention at the place of another. To avoid this, readers who identify such wrong conclusions in articles should write a letter to the editor of the respective journal in order to communicate such errors to other readers.

Rajiv Saini

Papers

Nanotechnology: the future medicine.

Ozone therapy in dentistry: A strategic review.

Biofilm: A dental microbial infection.

Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient

Periodontitis, a true infection