The concept of hegemonic masculinity has influenced gender studies across many academic fields but has also attracted serious criticism. The authors trace the origin of the concept in a convergence of ideas in the early 1980s and map the ways it was applied when research on men and masculinities expanded. Evaluating the principal criticisms, the authors defend the underlying concept of masculinity, which in most research use is neither reified nor essentialist. However, the criticism of trait models of gender and rigid typologies is sound. The treatment of the subject in research on hegemonic masculinity can be improved with the aid of recent psychological models, although limits to discursive flexibility must be recognized. The concept of hegemonic masculinity does not equate to a model of social reproduction; we need to recognize social struggles in which subordinated masculinities influence dominant forms. Finally, the authors review what has been confirmed from early formulations (the idea of multiple...

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Hegemonic Masculinity Rethinking the Concept

Cause, conseguenze e strategie di mitigazione Proponiamo il primo di una serie di articoli in cui affronteremo l’attuale problema dei mutamenti climatici. Presentiamo il documento redatto, votato e pubblicato dall’Ipcc - Comitato intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici - che illustra la sintesi delle ricerche svolte su questo tema rilevante.

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Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.

WHO Violence cuts short the lives of millions of people across the world each year, and damages the lives of millions more. It knows no boundaries of geography, race, age or income. It strikes at children, young people, women and the elderly. It finds its way into homes, schools and the workplace. Men and women everywhere have the right to live their lives and raise their children free from the fear of violence. We must help them enjoy that right by making it clearly understood that violence is preventable, and by working together to identify and address its underlying causes.

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World report on violence and health

It comes as something ofa surprise to reflect that the New York Review ofBooks is now over twenty years old. Even people of my generation (that is, old enough to remember the revolutionary 196os but not young enough to have taken a very exciting part in them) think of the paper as eternally youthful. In fact, it has gone through years of relatively quiet life, yet, as always in a competitive journalistic market, it is the controversies that attract the interest of the reader and to which the history (especially an admittedly impressionistic survey that tries to include something of the intellectual context in which a journal has operated) must give some attention. Not all the attacks which the New York Review has attracted, both early in its career and more recently, are worth more than a brief summary. What do we now make, for example, of Richard Kostelanetz's forthright accusation that 'The New York Review was from its origins destined to publicize Random House's (and especially [Jason] Epstein's) books and writers'?1 Well, simply that, even if the statistics bear out the charge (and Kostelanetz provides some suggestive evidence to support it, at least with respect to some early issues), there is nothing surprising in a market economy about a publisher trying to push his books through the pages of a journal edited by his friends. True, the New York Review has not had room to review more than around fifteen books in each issue and there could be a bias in the selection of

http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3507774.pdf

The New York Review of Books

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(02)08357-5.pdf

Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention

Research shows that gender power inequity in relationships and intimate partner violence places women at enhanced risk of HIV infection. Men who have been violent towards their partners are more likely to have HIV. Men's behaviours show a clustering of violent and risky sexual practices, suggesting important connections. This paper draws on Raewyn Connell's notion of hegemonic masculinity and reflections on emphasized femininities to argue that these sexual, and male violent, practices are rooted in and flow from cultural ideals of gender identities. The latter enables us to understand why men and women behave as they do, and the emotional and material context within which sexual behaviours are enacted.

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Gender and sexuality: emerging perspectives from the heterosexual epidemic in South Africa and implications for HIV risk and prevention

* 1. Migrancy, masculine identities and AIDS - Catherine Campbell * 2. Resurgent Manhood and Labor Migrancy - Benedict Carton * 3. Gun Violence and Masculinity in Contemporary South Africa - Jackie Cock * 4. Puritanism transformed - Kobus Du Pisani * 5. Disappointed Men - Sean Field * 6. Ukubhekezela or Ukuzithemba - Crispin Hemson * 7. Reflections on Colonial War, Family History and the Making of Men and Women - Jon Hyslop * 8. Men Rule, but Blood Speaks - Bjorn Lindgren * 9. Mkhumbane and new traditions of (un)african same-sex weddings - Ronald Louw * 10. Manliness in Migrants and Colonizers - Dunbar Moodie * 11. Men and Masculinity in South Africa - Robert Morrell * 12. Learning to be men at a teachers' college in Zimbabwe - Rob Pattman * 13. Everyday makings of black masculinity - Kopano Ratele * 14. The military ideal of the Commando - Sandra Swart * 15. The Emergence of Competitive Surfing and the Construction of Masculine Identities - Glen Thompson * 16. Inkatha and the problem of male mobilization in the 1980s - Thembisa Waetjen and Gerhard Mare * 17. Soweto Flying Squad, Professional Masculinities and the Rejection of Machismo - Joan Wardrop * 18. Rreflections on violence among Xhosa township youth - Kate Wood and Rachel Jewkes * 19. Masculinities in a Transitional Society - Thokozani Xaba

Changing Men in Southern Africa

Southern African historiography has become increasingly gender‐sensitive in the last decade. Primarily as a result of the impact of feminism in the world of work and in universities, research on women has burgeoned. The inclusion of women in the study of the past and the recognition of their agency has filled an important lacuna but also has made evident the corresponding gap in knowledge about men. The dominance of men in the public record has obscured the fact that little is known about masculinity. Men have generally been treated in essentialist terms. The socially constructed nature of masculinity is widely acknowledged and it is this insight that needs to be applied to a study of the region's history. This article introduces readers to the inter‐disciplinary work on masculinity, reviews how research on gender in South Africa has handled issues of men and masculinity and then suggests how insights taken from Men's Studies might help to broaden gender analysis and enrich the study of the South African ...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2637466.pdf

Of boys and men: masculinity and gender in Southern African studies

The concept of hegemonic masculinity has had a profound impact on gender activism and has been taken up particularly in health interventions. The concept was part of a conceptual gendered vocabulary about men which opened up analytical space for research on masculinity and prompted a generation of gender interventions with men. Academic work focused primarily on relations between men, to the neglect of relations with women, while paradoxically acknowledging the power that men had over women. Interventions that drew on theories of masculinities focused on the content of hegemonic masculinity, identifying hegemony with oppressive attitudes and practices. Hegemonic masculinity was considered singular and universal, with little acknowledgment given to research-based work that argued for a model of multiple hegemonic masculinities. An unintended consequence of efforts to promote gender equity through a focus on men and hegemony has been a recent popular discursive backlash. In this, Jacob Zuma and Julius Malem...

Hegemonic Masculinity/Masculinities in South Africa Culture, Power, and Gender Politics

"Baba: Men and Fatherhood in South Africa" provides answers to some of the most difficult questions about fatherhood in South Africa: who is a father? What does it mean to be a father? Is it important for fathers to do more for children in a world that assumes that mothers take the primary parenting role? Do different people understand fatherhood in different ways? What evidence is there of new fatherhood styles emerging in South Africa? Authors from a range of backgrounds and disciplines break new ground as they explore the centrality of fatherhood in the lives of men and in the experiences of children. They show how fathers' involvement contributes to the wellbeing of children. The authors argue that men can make a major contribution to the health of South African society, by caring for children and producing a new generation of South Africans for whom men will be significant by their positive presence, rather than by their absence or their abuse.

Robert Morrell

Papers

Gender and sexuality: emerging perspectives from the heterosexual epidemic in South Africa and implications for HIV risk and prevention

Changing Men in Southern Africa

Of boys and men: masculinity and gender in Southern African studies

Hegemonic Masculinity/Masculinities in South Africa Culture, Power, and Gender Politics

Baba : men and fatherhood in South Africa