Effects of lower jaw deformity on swimming performance and recovery from exhaustive exercise in triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

This work provides a comprehensive review of research on the cold-bonding pelletization process used to produce lightweight aggregates (LWAs) using waste materials, to valorize the waste and, at th...

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Cold-bonding process for treatment and reuse of waste materials: Technical designs and applications of pelletized products

In the present study, the effect of V additions to the galvanizing bath on the microstructure and growth kinetics of the galvanized coating on Si-containing steels was experimentally investigated. Three different steels with effective Si contents of 0.158, 0.242 and 0.363 wt.%, were immersed for 0.5 to 8 min in Zn baths with four levels of V, ranging from 0 to 0.16 wt.%. The results indicated that V additions could adequately suppress the Si reactivity of all three steels. The potency of V increased with its increasing content in the bath. Crystallites of a ternary compound were found at the ζ/liquid interface. Based on the isotherms of Zn–Fe–V and Zn–Fe–Si–V systems at 450 °C, a diffusion path model was proposed to interpret the effect of V on galvanizing pure Fe or Si-containing steels. V in the bath introduced a new equilibrium state between the liquid and a ternary phase T and made the equilibrium state between the liquid-ζ phases metastable. Furthermore, the greater solubility of Si in T made the diffusion path more difficult to enter the (ζ + T + Liq. + FeSi) region and, thus, protected the integrity of a normal coating.

Effect of vanadium on galvanizing Si-containing steels

Surface segregation behavior of solute atoms has been studied on low-carbon steels used in producing galvannealed sheet steels for automotive body panel applications. Samples of cold-rolled low-carbon steels with different amounts of carbon and phosphorus in solution were heated in a vacuum chamber and their surface chemistries analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy. For the steels studied here, one or more of the elements carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur accumulated significantly at the surface within a temperature window of 300 to 973 K. As the temperature was increased, carbon appeared on the surface first, followed by phosphorus, and then sulfur. Each succeeding segregating element displaced the previous one from the surface. The free solute concentration in the bulk and the temperature were critical factors controlling the amount of solute accumulation at the surface. Once segregated, the solute atoms remained on the surface as the samples cooled. Carbon and/or boron in steels retarded the transport of phosphorus to the surface. The implications of these findings in understanding the galvannealing behavior of these steels are discussed.

Surface segregation of phosphorus, carbon, and sulfur in commercial low-carbon grades of steel

Checklists in Audio Production

AUDIO IN MEDIA by Stanley R. Alten (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1999 [5th ed.]—price not available, ISBN 0–534–54801–6 hard, 0–534–19602–0 paper, 460 pp., photos, graphs, study guides, glossary, bibliography, index) VIDEO PRODUCTION: DISCIPLINES AND TECHNIQUES by Thomas D. Burrows, Lynne S. Gross, and Donald N. Wood (New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1998 [7th ed.] —$39.00, ISBN 0–697–32719–1, 384 pp., photos, charts, equipment illustrations, floor plots, computer screen and video monitor frames, chapter summaries, footnotes, sample scripts, bibliography, appendices, glossary, and index) THE VIDEO BOOK by Bruce Clendenin (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998 [2nd ed.]—$39.20, paper, ISBN 0–13–607334–4, 363 pp., photos, diagrams, charts, chapter exercises, appendices, glossary, index) WRITING OPINION FOR IMPACT by Conrad C. Fink (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1998—$39.95, ISBN 0–8138–2606–3, 295 pp., index) LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY: A GUIDE FOR THE ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY by Brian Fitt and Joe Thornley (Newton, MA:...

Robert Musburger

Papers

Production and performance