人教版高中英语新课程教材中,语言运用（Using Language）是每个单元必不可少的部分,提供了围绕单元中心话题的听、说、读、写的综合性练习,是单元中心话题的延续和升华.如何设计Using Language部分的教学,使自己的教学模式既不落俗套,又能真正体现新课程标准所倡导的教学理念,正是广大一线英语教师一直努力探索的问题.

打磨Using Language,倡导新理念

Cognitive engineering

Purpose – Development of theory remains an essential step in the evolution of supply chain management as an integrative business discipline. Supply chain research often involves phenomena possessing complex behavioral dimensions at both the individual and organizational levels. Such complexity can require the utilization of holistic and inductive approaches in order to more fully understand the behaviors associated with the phenomena. This paper aims to provide a step‐by‐step guide intended to increase researchers' understanding of the use of grounded theory (GT) methodology in supply chain contexts.Design/methodology/approach – The paper argues for GT as an appropriate method for studying emerging supply chain phenomena using an inductive, holistic approach.Findings – GT is positioned in a holistic framework of research methodologies. Next a step‐by‐step explanation of the grounded theory process is offered, illustrated by examples from the authors' own research.Originality/value – This paper links the c...

Grounded theory: an inductive method for supply chain research

A modeling framework for the resilience analysis of networked systems-of-systems based on functional dependencies

Effective risk assessment methodologies are the cornerstone of a successful Critical Infrastructure Protection program. The extensive number of risk assessment methodologies for critical infrastructures clearly supports this argument. Risk assessment is indispensable in order to identify threats, assess vulnerabilities and evaluate the impact on assets, infrastructures or systems taking into account the probability of the occurrence of these threats. This report aims at providing an overview of the relevant methodologies at global level. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. L B -N A -2 5 2 8 6 -E N -N

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Risk assessment methodologies for Critical Infrastructure Protection. Part I: A state of the art

In this paper, we present System of Systems Engineering (SOSE) as a developing multidiscipline, spanning across and drawing from a variety of disciplines to address complex situations; situations are characterised by ambiguity, high uncertainty and emergence. This paper is organised to: (1) provide an assessment of the current state of SOSE field development, (2) suggest the nature of complex issues for which traditional approaches are falling short to include the corresponding challenges facing SOSE development, (3) describe two perspectives of the SOSE response to complex situations and (4) establish an emerging paradigm for SOSE as a multidiscipline based on current research. This paper concludes with the implications for further development of research and practice for SOSE.

System of systems engineering: an emerging multidiscipline

Inherent to system of systems (SOS) are wicked problems. This paper generalizes the characteristics of a wicked problem based on a practical example of a System of Systems. In 1994 the Department of Defense (DoD) set into motion a sequence of events that resulted in an unprecedented decision for change, the result of that decision was to standup the joint forces command. The decision carried with it a mandate to change more than processes and doctrine, but more fundamentally, to change how the military thinks and behaves; this decision created a wicked problem. The paper probes the limitations of analysis on a wicked problem going beyond the characteristics of the problem to explore the exacerbating phenomena of the wicked problem: perspective. The paper provides an alternative approach for viewing wicked problems and concludes that system of systems as a wicked problem require a paradigm that is able to deal with this perspective.

Complex situations: An alternative approach for viewing a System of Systems

:System of systems engineering involves the attainment of desired outcomes by multiple, independent systems. The integration of independent systems forms a complex condition. The research agenda describes the scientist's search for knowledge based on Epistemological, Ontological and Methodological facets. It does not demarcate understanding from knowledge nor allow for understanding to be the singular purview of any domain or perspective. The agenda complements traditional scientific approaches, and expands them to allow for multi-disciplinary methods. The paper identifies what is to be researched, how it to be studied, and what is sought from this research.

Research Agenda for Complex Situations

1 Introduction and Overview Andres Sousa-Poza Part I Theory on Wicked Problems and Complex Situations 2 Narrative of [Complex] Situations and Situations Theory Andres Sousa-Poza 3 PRISM - A Philosophical Foundation for Complex Situations Van Brewer 4 Understanding and Complex Situations Jose J. Padilla 5 Gestalt Imperative Samuel F. Kovacic Part II Description of Wicked Problems 6 Sustainable Development as a Wicked Problem Jonathan Pryshlakivsky and Cory Searcy 7 Complexity and Command at the Operational-Level of War Vince Berardini 8 The Wicked Problem of a Cognitive Environment in Complex Situations Ryland C. Gaskins III 9 Reverse Decision Making (RDM): A Process for Pragmatic Decision Making Samuel F. Kovacic [AU1] 10 Leadership in Complex Situations Diane Norbutus 11 United States Joint Forces Command: As Wicked Problem William O. Welsh III Part III Cases and Approaches 12 Using Systems Design to Solve Complex Problems: Case Studies from Iraq Nathan A. Minami 13 Making Sense of Messy Medical Data Through Constructed Charts of Functional Distances Lincoln Gray 14 "Effectively Living Near the Edge": An Extraordinary Management Tool for Mastering Wicked Problems Richard N. Knowles

Managing and Engineering in Complex Situations

Digital engineering, the digital transformation of engineering practice, is profoundly changing the traditional engineering practice towards the fast integration of digital technologies and digital models in the engineering processes' life cycles. The traditional engineering process heavily relies on static engineering documents (e.g., spreadsheets, technical drawings, and scanned documents) to store and share information across the engineering process. A critical task in digital engineering is to extract relevant textual information from traditional engineering documents into machine-readable and editable formats. This paper explores deep learning models and OCR methods to effectively extract textual information from engineering documents collected by the NAVY's military sealift command division. We propose a deep learning-based optical character recognition (OCR) framework for this task, which integrates several modules including a pre-trained text detection model, a fine-tuned OCR algorithm, and a deep generative model to augment data for the fine-tuning. Experimental results showed that the fine-tuning method significantly improved word accuracies of OCR models from 60%-70% to 90% and above. Furthermore, the deep adversarial generative approach had proved to be an effective model for data augmentation.

Samuel F. Kovacic

Papers

System of systems engineering: an emerging multidiscipline

Complex situations: An alternative approach for viewing a System of Systems

Research Agenda for Complex Situations

Managing and Engineering in Complex Situations

Leveraging Transfer Learning and GAN Models for OCR from Engineering Documents