I. the origin of species by means of natural selection

Review of c

The impact of terrorism on European tourism

Multifaceted applicability of drones: A review

Sustainability science has received progressively greater attention worldwide, given the growing environmental concerns and socioeconomic inequity, both largely resulting from a prevailing global economic model that has prioritized profits. It is now widely recognized that mankind needs to adopt measures to change the currently unsustainable production and consumption patterns. The minerals industry plays a fundamental role in this context, having received attention through various initiatives over the last decades. Several of these have been, however, questioned in practice. Indeed, a consensus on the implications of sustainability in the minerals industry has not yet been reached. The present work aims to deepen the discussion on how the mineral sector can improve its sustainability. An exhaustive literature review of peer-reviewed academic articles published on the topic in English over the last 25 years, as well as complementary references, has been carried out. From this, it became clear that there is a need to build a better definition of sustainability for the mineral sector, which has been proposed here from a more holistic viewpoint. Finally, and in light of this new perspective, several of the trade-offs and synergies related to sustainability of the minerals industry are discussed in a cross-sectional manner.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1429/pdf

Sustainability in the Minerals Industry: Seeking a Consensus on Its Meaning

Transport has always been, and will continue to be, a means to serve to eradicate world inequalities bringing relief and salvation across the globe and no transport mode more so perhaps than aviation. However, aviation has served as both the salvation and the aggressor, having also itself been the victim of terrorist attacks. Arguably (to date) in 2016, the world could consider itself fortunate not to have witnessed a devastating cyber-terrorist attack on an aircraft. Certainly concerns were raised after the disappearance of MH370 in terms of cockpit tampering; and yet, these reports only touched upon the surface of an effervescing iceberg – set to erupt into a tsunami of devastation. The question inevitably remains ‘when’ rather than ‘if’ this will occur. This research reviews the vulnerability of air travel and the preparedness of the industry in terms of coordination (prevention and protection) from the perspective of policy, legislation (regulation) and organisation.

/pdf/flying-challenges-for-the-future-aviation-preparedness-in-3sewu4u8ub.pdf

Flying challenges for the future: Aviation preparedness - in the face of cyber-terrorism

SPACE: The race for mineral rights ‘The sky is no longer the limit’ Lessons from earth!

Safety and security: the influence of 9/11 to the EU framework for air carriers and aircraft operators

Policing mining: In outer-space greed and domination vs. peace and equity a governance for humanity!

INTRODUCTIONThe year 2014 marked seventy years since the International Civil Aviation conference in Chicago (commonly referred to as the Chicago Convention) On 7 December 1944, the Chicago Convention was adopted and today still remains the primary source of public international air law But it was not until the end of the Second World War (WWII: 1939-1945) that the Convention came into force, on April 4, 1947 This also heralded the new organisation called the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)1Aviation has always stood at a crossroads, where air transport has been used as a means to take life, save life, and balance sovereign demands for control with security and tradeWar has been instrumental in aiding and developing aviation technology WWI I heralded the delivery of mass destruction and saw the development of capacity and speed On August 6 and 9, 1945, in Japan, aircraft were used to deliver destruction on a scale never previously witnessed, with atomic bombs being dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki2 The "flying fortress," a multi-engine bomber provided capacity over extended distances, while jet engine technology was also advanced Jet engines were developed and introduced at the end of the war with the German's flying the Me 262 and the British using the Gloster Meteor for homeland defence The development stages of the jet engine remain somewhat refuted with initiatives and inventions being simultaneously researched, largely in Germany and the UK Development was shrouded in wartime secrecy and protection Aid, while WWII may have been instrumental in facilitating advancement of aviation technology, it was also noticeable in showing the fatal potential of aviation-to take livesThis paper reviews the many facets of aviation, the "blood" the "tears" and the "salvation," examining the cornerstones of international controls, the origins and incentives of governments Comment is passed upon key events, and old threats, as well as new contemporary ones that are considered to influence the current international orderThe research design is based upon a mixed methods, cross-disciplinary approach, which discusses current international air law, the origins and rationale, and interjects this with historical data and a naturalist approach/ contemporary analysis theorySYMBIOSIS: WAR AND AVIATIONThe word "symbiosis" was allegedly first used by Albert Bernhard Frank in 1877,3 but it is Aiton De Bary (1879)4 who is attributed with providing a clearer definition for a relationship and interaction between two different entities that have clear links and dependencies to each other To say that aviation is dependent upon war is perhaps inaccurate; nevertheless, it would be appropriate to relate war with the evolution of air transport and cite the reasoning and rationale for the controls placed on an international service with the anxiety of nations post historic wars and eventsRoossinck5 states that "symbiosis implies cooperation as in mutualistic symbiosis or antagonism as in parasitic symbiosis" Applying this concept it could therefore be argued that war has been an influential factor both in terms of supporting development and of antagonizing advancement The latter is due to sovereign state reluctance and protectionism emanating from known and perceived security risks, as well as dominance and control over what is still regarded as a national assetArguably, competition has also been stifled by overexertion of governments retaining control in international commercial air operations and, although transformation of the industry continues, it is thwarted by state controls that prevent globalized evolutionContinuing the scientific concept, Charles Darwin's6 evolutionary theory concerned natural selection through a gradual change system that stems from the accumulation of random mutations followed by a competitive selection process The development of commercial air operations, however, has been subject to unnatural and controlled selections in the main and, although not a living organism, it is undeniable that air transport has an incredible influence on our lives and existence …

Sarah Jane Fox

Papers

Flying challenges for the future: Aviation preparedness - in the face of cyber-terrorism

SPACE: The race for mineral rights ‘The sky is no longer the limit’ Lessons from earth!

Safety and security: the influence of 9/11 to the EU framework for air carriers and aircraft operators

Policing mining: In outer-space greed and domination vs. peace and equity a governance for humanity!

The Evolution of Aviation in Times of War and Peace: Blood, Tears, and Salvation