The controversy related to the environment pollution is increasing in human life and in the eco-system. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from the industries. The only way to find the new water resource is the reuse of treated wastewater. Several remediation technologies are available which provides a convenience to reuse the reclaimed wastewater. Heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg, etc. contributes various environmental problems based on their toxicity. These toxic metals are exposed to human and environment, the accumulation of ions takes place which causes serious health and environmental hazards. Hence, it is a major concern in the environment. Due to this concern, the significance of developing technology for removing heavy metals has been increased. This paper contributes the outline of new literature with two objectives. First, it provides the sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent. The treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article. Conclusively, this review paper furnishes the information about the important methods incorporated in lab scale studies which are required to identify the feasible and convenient wastewater treatment. Moreover, attempts have been made to confer the emphasis on sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluent and establish the scientific background for reducing the discharge of heavy metals into the environment.

Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: A review

Spinel ferrite magnetic adsorbents: Alternative future materials for water purification?

Heavy metals are discharged into water from various industries. They can be toxic or carcinogenic in nature and can cause severe problems for humans and aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a serious problem. The adsorption process is widely used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater because of its low cost, availability and eco-friendly nature. Both commercial adsorbents and bioadsorbents are used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, with high removal capacity. This review article aims to compile scattered information on the different adsorbents that are used for heavy metal removal and to provide information on the commercially available and natural bioadsorbents used for removal of chromium, cadmium and copper, in particular.

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Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: a review

Application of spinel ferrite nanoparticles in water and wastewater treatment: A review

Water pollution is one of the global challenges that society must address in the 21st century aiming to improve water quality and reduce human and ecosystem health impacts. Industrialization, climate change, and expansion of urban areas produce a variety of water pollutants. In this work, we discuss some of the most recent and relevant findings related to the release of heavy metals, the possible risks for the environment and human health, the materials and technologies available for their removal. Anthropogenic activities are identified as the main source of the increasing amounts of heavy metals found in aquatic environments. Some of the health hazards derived from repeated exposure to traces of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, are outlined. We also give some perspectives about several techniques used to detect heavy metals, as well as about the factors that could affect the contaminant removal. The advantages and drawbacks of conventional and non-conventional heavy metal removal methods are critically discussed, given particular attention to those related to adsorption, nanostructured materials and plant-mediated remediation. Some of the commercial products currently used to eliminate heavy metals from water are also listed. Finally, we point out some the requirements and opportunities linked to developing efficient methods for heavy metal removal, such as the ones that exploit nanotechnologies.

Heavy metal water pollution: A fresh look about hazards, novel and conventional remediation methods

In recent years, adsorption has displayed promising and effective results as a treatment technology for water and wastewater by industries. In the process, a number of adsorbents have been synthesized and applied for the treatment of pollutants such as metals, dyes, pharmaceutical products in solutions. However, for adsorption to be unconditionally adopted by industries, a few obstacles such as high capital cost, difficult segregation of adsorbent from solution, and complex synthesis processes need to be addressed. The removal of suspend adsorbents in wastewater from a continuous flow system is a challenge which if addressed properly would enable us to recover the spent adsorbent efficiently. The spent adsorbents can then be regenerated and used again by the industries thereby leading to reduced capital investment. Therefore, studies have been carried out aiming at the incorporation of magnetism in such adsorbents to aid their removal from wastewater. This review aims to comprehensively list and discuss adsorbents which exhibit magnetic properties and their adsorption behaviour under diverse conditions. The literature survey presented in this paper renders evidence to the good potential of magnetic adsorbents to remove various pollutants from wastewater. However, the practical utility of such adsorbents needs to be explored before they can be commercially applied.

Magnetic adsorbents for the treatment of water/wastewater—A review

This paper presents the feasibility of incorporating copper mine tailings (MT) as a partial substitute for cement in the development of concrete. The copper mine tailings used for this study have been accumulating for several decades at the tailings dump of Hindustan Copper Ltd. at Khetri, Rajasthan. Hence, alternative uses of MT need to be thought while keeping in mind that the utilization should also take care of the mobility of the elements present in the tailings. Consequently, M25 grade of concrete was designed as per IS: 10262-2009 (Indian standard code of practice for guidelines for concrete mix proportioning, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi), with 0–50 % substitution of cement with MT and water-binder ratio of 0.5. To determine the feasibility of the new design mixes, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the concrete mixes was studied. Also, the leaching behaviors of the heavy metals contained in the tailings solidified in the concrete were studied by semi-dynamic leaching test. The effectiveness of solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment was evaluated by determining diffusion coefficients (D
 e) and leachability index (L) calculated from the data achieved in semi-dynamic leaching test. It was observed that the UCS values decreased with the increase in MT content. However, at 10–15 % MT substitution, the concrete exhibited acceptable strength. The MT substituted concrete also appeared to be effective in immobilizing the leachable elements in the tailings to a considerable extent thus, stabilizing the waste. Overall, the study suggests that concrete with acceptable properties can be developed using moderate amounts of MT as a partial substitute for cement thus, suggesting an economic and sustainable use of the waste.

Stabilization characteristics of copper mine tailings through its utilization as a partial substitute for cement in concrete: preliminary investigations

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Models to Improve Late-stage Chronic Kidney Disease and End-stage Renal Disease Care: Leveraging Nephrology Payment Policy to Achieve Value.

Siddharth Mazumdar

Papers

Magnetic adsorbents for the treatment of water/wastewater—A review

Stabilization characteristics of copper mine tailings through its utilization as a partial substitute for cement in concrete: preliminary investigations

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Models to Improve Late-stage Chronic Kidney Disease and End-stage Renal Disease Care: Leveraging Nephrology Payment Policy to Achieve Value.