Resena de la obra de Don A. Dillman, Jolene D. Smyth y Leah Melani Christian: Internet, Phone, Mail and Mixed-Mode Surveys. The Tailored Design Method. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/7287796.pdf

Internet, phone, mail and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method: reseña

Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature

Part of the difficulty in pinning down trust in government may stem not only from the amorphous characteristics of trust but also from the equally vague characteristics of government. Accordingly, systematized approaches to understanding trust in government are likely to be incomplete if they are only applied to trust and not government as well. This study attempts to build upon existing attempts to pin down characteristics of trust in government by deconstructing the terms trust and government and assessing the relationships among the various components within South Korea. To analyze the determinants of trust in governments, the present research performs multiple regression analyses of The Social Trust Public Opinion Survey (2004) focusing on the current trust level across society, market, institution, and government. Our findings indicate that the significance of different determinants of trust varies by area of government. These findings add to existing literature in the field as they imply assessments of trust in government are better made when they address specific offices or branches of the government.

Trust in Government

I should start by making it clear that this work of scholarship is a very valuable study of human injustices and inequalities in relation to environmental challenges rather than being about the concept, espoused by those of the deep ecology persuasion, of justice for the environment. In this very serious context it is worth reminding ourselves that farmers not only work hard on our behalf but also, whether it be the water deficit of prolonged and grinding drought, inundation and water-logging of the land, or the pressures of illconsidered environmental policy, are always the front line of exposure to environmental risk. So, I read this new work with a keen eye to its significance for an understanding of the natural and social origins of disparities manifest across the spectrum of those involved in food production and those who live close to the categories of risks which challenge food security. To be fair though, it was not Walker’s objective systematically to engage this sector of the unlevel playing field. Perhaps then I should not be disappointed for instance that there is no chapter dealing expressly with human disparities in relation to secure access to ecosystem resources or infrastructures relevant to agricultural sustainability eg land tenure, water distribution. Nevertheless, in presenting a thoughtful and extensive analysis of the diverse ways in which disparities arise and in which the voices of the disadvantaged and powerless come to be and continue to go unheard, he provides us with a valuable platform. From this we can extend our thinking from his case studies into the specific areas which concern us when thinking about the food chain and tenuous rural livelihoods. In this regard he is successful in portraying environmental justice as an aspiration as well as a set of actions on behalf of the disadvantaged. His setting is a negotiability space in which a plurality of actors, from activists to commercial agents to institutional bureaucrats, articulate the various buttons and levers of concepts, actualities and political expediency, and he rightly warns us against the temptation to resort to the over-simplifications of easily constructed causalities and villains within the complexity of this scenario. Beyond this his treatment of the issues surrounding climate (change), flood vulnerability and access to urban green-space is of direct relevance or at least of crossinformative value to those of us prepared to entertain the idea that justice, empowerment and cautious redress are essential co-requisites of global food security. The introductory chapters of the work are devoted to the development of the author’s general approach to disaggregating the natures and origins of the injustices and the disparities of exposure to risk or access to resources. In doing so he moves environmental issues from their origins in the early notions of environmentalism and distributive justice in the USA into the broader contemporary global frame of politics, activist networks and participative justice. As James Boyle pointed out in his critical review of a previous treatment of the subject (Mcnaughten and Urry, Contested Natures ) the environmentalist genre in which justice and disparity are converged can be prone to an encounter with the naturalistic fallacy. That is, a flirtation with the dangers of conflating the values or “oughts” of concepts of justice with the “is” of the facts of disparity, which, for the eighteenth century philosopher David Hume, reaches its most extreme form in attempts to derive a value from a fact or an “ought” from an “is”, or to derive a moral

Environmental justice: concepts, evidence and politics

Doing business in a green way: A systematic review of the ecological sustainability entrepreneurship literature and future research directions

We introduce the new concept of embodied energy injustices in order to encourage integrative, systemic, transboundary assessment of the global implications and responsibility of energy-policy decisions. Embodied energy injustices reframe considerations of energy justice to explicitly consider hidden and distant injustices (upstream or downstream) arising from the extraction, processing, transportation and disposal of energy resources. We assess the embodied energy injustices connected to the decision to decommission a coal-fired power plant in Salem, Massachusetts, US, and its replacement with a natural-gas-fired power station. Cerrejon open-pit coalmine in La Guajira, Colombia, powered the Salem plant for over a decade. Fracked gas from Pennsylvania now supplies fuel for the new power station. Comparing the extraction of these two very different fuels reveals multiple parallel injustices. But the regulatory environment fails to account for the different constituencies, jurisdictions and effects that fall outside the formal remit of existing impact assessments. We therefore call for mandatory transboundary impact assessments of large-scale energy-related projects, which explicitly integrate previously unrecognized social-environmental harms and injustices. Expanding energy law and policy discussions to incorporate embodied energy injustices can enhance sustainable energy governance and enable corporate accountability for the transboundary harms of fossil fuel extraction and use. Linking chains of energy injustice—by revealing their interconnected positions along fossil-fuel supply chains—may help generate and unite powerful trans-local solidarity movements, which politicize local struggles within wider national, regional and global energy politics.

Embodied energy injustices: Unveiling and politicizing the transboundary harms of fossil fuel extractivism and fossil fuel supply chains

Globalization has often pushed aside the notion that business owners can use their businesses to create household income, influence community behaviors and values, and impact natural resource management. Here, we identify patterns of social awareness described by green entrepreneurs and how they may be drawn into the natural resource management process. We draw upon case studies of small “green” and “green-green” businesses to learn how they incorporate their businesses into environmental and social justice causes. A few themes emerged from in-depth interviews with a sample of green entrepreneurs, including: low levels of interest in economic success; high degrees of awareness about the business's environmental impact; and high levels of concern for social justice. In addition, several constructs emerged, which included personal motivation and mission, locality, and a forward-thinking orientation about sustainability. The findings reveal innovative models for incorporating green business into environmenta...

Green Entrepreneurship: A Method for Managing Natural Resources?

A devil's bargain: Rural environmental injustices and hydraulic fracturing on Pennsylvania's farms

When first discussing this special issue in 2015, we had no idea that by press time environmental justice activism, regulation, and research would be so vulnerable in the United States, where the m...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23251042.2018.1446711

Developing deeply intersectional environmental justice scholarship

Finewood and Stroup (J Contemp Water Res Educ 147(1), 72–79, 2012) observe that as hydraulic fracturing for natural gas spreads across the USA, neoliberal ideologies normalize fracking’s potential dangers, including impacts to water and more general environmental quality. Theoretical observations like these must be tested empirically. I do so here, analyzing data from extensive fieldwork in Pennsylvania’s Bradford, Susquehanna, and Washington counties. Drawing on comparative mixed method data from fieldwork in northeastern Pennsylvania’s ‘Endless Mountains’ region and the Pittsburgh area, I compare how small-scale farmers perceive and sometimes enact elements of market-based, neoliberal rationality when assessing hydrofracking’s community, environmental, and economic outcomes. This paper explores why this matters sociologically, given small-scale farmers’ roles as land-use decision-makers, stewards of related natural resource development, and marginalized producers with limited access to market shares and subsidies. In counties like Bradford and Washington, impacts of fracking small-scale farmers have been under-studied. To address that gap, I examine impacts on farmers operating around natural gas development and within neoliberal economic structures. Analyzing extensive interview and ethnographic data, the following research questions are addressed: (1) Among small-scale farmers impacted by hydraulic fracturing, what evidence exists that neoliberal logic helps farmers normalize fracking? and (2) How does normalization interact with decisions to sign natural gas leases? My findings indicate that many farmers utilize neoliberal logic when assessing impacts of hydraulic fracturing and shale gas development, particularly as rapid energy development relates to their land-use decisions. Neoliberal normalization of hydraulic fracturing emerges most saliently regarding environmental outcomes and economic development. I connect this to small-scale farmers’ economic vulnerability and the limited agency in dictating land use near their farms.

Stephanie A. Malin

Papers

Embodied energy injustices: Unveiling and politicizing the transboundary harms of fossil fuel extractivism and fossil fuel supply chains

Green Entrepreneurship: A Method for Managing Natural Resources?

A devil's bargain: Rural environmental injustices and hydraulic fracturing on Pennsylvania's farms

Developing deeply intersectional environmental justice scholarship

There’s no real choice but to sign: neoliberalization and normalization of hydraulic fracturing on Pennsylvania farmland