Stuart W. S. MacDonald

TL;DR: Results indicate that variability of performance is an important indicator of cognitive functioning and aging and partial set correlation analyses indicated that inconsistency predicted cognitive performance independent of level of performance.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors integrate seminal findings from cognitive research across lifespans of individuals, and also neuropsychological and neurobiological findings, to identify key questions and some potential answers, and to set challenges for fostering future research into intra-individual variability.

TL;DR: An emerging research focus on within-person brain signal variability is providing novel insights, and offering highly predictive, complementary, and even orthogonal views of brain function in relation to human lifespan development, cognitive performance, and various clinical conditions.

TL;DR: Intraindividual variability in latency and accuracy of cognitive performance across both trials and occasions was examined in 3 groups of older adults: healthy adults, adults with arthritis, and adults diagnosed with mild dementia, suggesting that intraindIndividual variability may be a behavioral indicator of compromised neurological mechanisms.

TL;DR: The present review summarizes the accumulating empirical evidence linking age-related increases in IIV in cognitive performance to neural correlates at anatomical, functional, neuromodulatory, and genetic levels and highlights important challenges and outstanding research issues that remain to be answered in the study of IIV.