I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

Over 3 million teachers in the United States use their voice as a primary tool of trade and are thought to be at higher risk for occupation-related voice disorders than the general population. However, estimates regarding the prevalence of voice disorders in teachers and the general population vary considerably. To determine the extent that teachers are at greater risk for voice disorders, 2,531 randomly selected participants from Iowa and Utah (1,243 teachers and 1,288 nonteachers) were interviewed by telephone using a voice disorder questionnaire. Prevalence-the number of cases per population at risk at a specific time-was determined. The prevalence of reporting a current voice problem was significantly greater in teachers compared with nonteachers (11.0% vs. 6.2%), chi(2)(1) = 18.2, p 4 weeks in duration), compared with acute voice disorders (20.9% vs. 13.3%), chi(2)(1) = 8.7, p =.003. To assess the association between past voice disorders and possible risks, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. The results identified that being a teacher, being a woman, being between 40 and 59 years of age, having 16 or more years of education, and having a family history of voice disorders were each positively associated with having experienced a voice disorder in the past. These results support the notion that teaching is a high-risk occupation for voice disorders. Important information is also provided regarding additional factors that might contribute to the development of voice disorders.

Prevalence of Voice Disorders in Teachers and the General Population

Clinical examination of voice

BACKGROUND:
Critical examination of the quality and validity of available allergic rhinitis (AR) literature is necessary to improve understanding and to appropriately translate this knowledge to clinical care of the AR patient. To evaluate the existing AR literature, international multidisciplinary experts with an interest in AR have produced the International Consensus statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR:AR).
METHODS:
Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to AR. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) format as dictated by available evidence and purpose within the ICAR:AR document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:AR document was synthesized and reviewed by all authors for consensus.
RESULTS:
The ICAR:AR document addresses over 100 individual topics related to AR, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, disease burden, risk factors for the development of AR, allergy testing modalities, treatment, and other conditions/comorbidities associated with AR.
CONCLUSION:
This critical review of the AR literature has identified several strengths; providers can be confident that treatment decisions are supported by rigorous studies. However, there are also substantial gaps in the AR literature. These knowledge gaps should be viewed as opportunities for improvement, as often the things that we teach and the medicine that we practice are not based on the best quality evidence. This document aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the AR literature to identify areas for future AR research and improved understanding.

/pdf/international-consensus-statement-on-allergy-and-rhinology-pnvs6cds27.pdf

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis.

A well-functioning voice is an essential tool for one third of the labour force Vocal demands vary to a great extent between the different voice and speech professions In professions with heavy vocal loading (eg school and kindergarten teachers), occupational voice disorders threatening working ability are common Vocal loading is a combination of prolonged voice use and additional loading factors (eg background noise, acoustics, air quality) affecting the fundamental frequency, type and loudness of phonation or the vibratory characteristics of the vocal folds as well as the external frame of the larynx The prevention and treatment of occupational voice disorders calls for improved occupational safety and health (OSH) arrangements for voice and speech professionals On the basis of epidemiological and acoustic-physiological research, the presence of risk to vocal health can be substantiated From the point of view of the physical load on the vocal apparatus, loading-related physiological changes (adaptation) may play a role in the occupational risk Environmental factors affect vocal loading changes In teaching professions, the working environment is shared with children, who benefit from amendments of OSH legislation concerning their teachers

Occupational Safety and Health Aspects of Voice and Speech Professions

The prevalence of voice disorders among day care center teachers compared with nurses: a questionnaire and clinical study.

Changes in the Prevalence of Vocal Symptoms Among Teachers During a Twelve-Year Period

Prevalence of voice disorders among future teachers

Phonation into glass tubes, keeping the free end of the tube in water, has been a frequently used voice therapy method in Finland for more than four decades. These so-called resonance tubes, introduced by Professor Sovijarvi in the 1960s, are used in different ways depending on the patient's diagnosis and the goal of the voice therapy. In this paper, some of the most common ways of using the tube are presented.

Susanna Simberg

Papers

The prevalence of voice disorders among day care center teachers compared with nurses: a questionnaire and clinical study.

Changes in the Prevalence of Vocal Symptoms Among Teachers During a Twelve-Year Period

Prevalence of voice disorders among future teachers

The resonance tube method in voice therapy: Description and practical implementations

A comparison of the prevalence of vocal symptoms among teacher students and other university students.