https://www.chpso.org/sites/main/files/file-attachments/chest-2008-geerts-381s-453s.pdf

Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism* American College of Chest Physicians Evidence- Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)

https://www.medpagetoday.com/upload/2011/4/4/Clin%20Infect%20Dis.-2002-O'Grady-1281-307.pdf

Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections

Non-thrombotic PE does not represent a distinct clinical syndrome. It may be due to a variety of embolic materials and result in a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, making the diagnosis difficult. With the exception of severe air and fat embolism, the haemodynamic consequences of non-thrombotic emboli are usually mild. Treatment is mostly supportive but may differ according to the type of embolic material and clinical severity.

/pdf/guidelines-on-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-acute-1usqw9xdub.pdf

Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

Naomi P. O'Grady, M.D., Mary Alexander, R.N. Lillian A. Burns, M.T., M.P.H., C.I.C. E. Patchen Dellinger, M.D. Jeffery Garland, M.D., S.M. Stephen O. Heard, M.D. Pamela A. Lipsett, M.D. Henry Masur, M.D. Leonard A. Mermel, D.O., Sc.M. Michele L. Pearson, M.D. Issam I. Raad, M.D. Adrienne Randolph, M.D., M.Sc. Mark E. Rupp, M.D. Sanjay Saint, M.D., M.P.H. and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC).

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-prevention-of-intravascular-catheter-4xarsoczlz.pdf

Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections, 2011

of short add-on programs to provide additional functionality to the core program. These additional files are either written in Java (the plugins) or in ImageJ’s macro programming language (macros). Once saved to the ImageJ plugins folder, these functions are loaded on start-up and can be accessed via menu commands like any other core function. 400+ PLUGINS

ImageJ for microscopy

Introduction: Adverse events in hospitals constitute a serious problem with grave consequences. Many studies have been conducted to gain an insight into this problem, but a general overview of the data is lacking. We performed a systematic review of the literature on inhospital adverse events. Methods: A formal search of Embase, Cochrane and Medline was performed. Studies were reviewed independently for methodology, inclusion and exclusion criteria and endpoints. Primary endpoints were incidence of in-hospital adverse events and percentage of preventability. Secondary endpoints were adverse event outcome and subdivision by provider of care, location and type of event. Results: Eight studies including a total of 74 485 patient records were selected. The median overall incidence of inhospital adverse events was 9.2%, with a median percentage of preventability of 43.5%. More than half (56.3%) of patients experienced no or minor disability, whereas 7.4% of events were lethal. Operation- (39.6%) and medication-related (15.1%) events constituted the majority. We present a summary of evidence-based interventions aimed at these categories of events. Conclusions: Adverse events during hospital admission affect nearly one out of 10 patients. A substantial part of these events are preventable. Since a large proportion of the in-hospital events are operation- or drug-related, interventions aimed at preventing these events have the potential to make a substantial difference.

https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/qhc/17/3/216.full.pdf

The incidence and nature of in-hospital adverse events: a systematic review

In a comparison of 3760 patients observed before implementation of the checklist with 3820 patients observed after implementation, the total number of complications per 100 patients decreased from 27.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.9 to 28.7) to 16.7 (95% CI, 15.6 to 17.9), for an absolute risk reduction of 10.6 (95% CI, 8.7 to 12.4). The proportion of patients with one or more complications decreased from 15.4% to 10.6% (P<0.001). In-hospital mortality decreased from 1.5% (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0) to 0.8% (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.1), for an absolute risk reduction of 0.7 percentage points (95% CI, 0.2 to 1.2). Outcomes did not change in the control hospitals. Conclusions Implementation of this comprehensive checklist was associated with a reduction in surgical complications and mortality in hospitals with a high standard of care. (Netherlands Trial Register number, NTR1943.)

/pdf/effect-of-a-comprehensive-surgical-safety-system-on-patient-5ah6l7qbf9.pdf

Effect of a comprehensive surgical safety system on patient outcomes

Purpose Studies in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism suggested that low molecular weight heparin may prolong survival. In a double-blind study, we evaluated the effect of low molecular weight heparin on survival in patients with advanced malignancy without venous thromboembolism. Methods Patients with metastasized or locally advanced solid tumors were randomly assigned to receive a 6-week course of subcutaneous nadroparin or placebo. The primary efficacy analysis was based on time from random assignment to death. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Results In total, 148 patients were allocated to nadroparin and 154 patients were allocated to placebo. Mean follow-up was 1 year. In the intention-to-treat analysis the overall hazard ratio of mortality was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.96) with a median survival of 8.0 months in the nadroparin recipients versus 6.6 months in the placebo group. After adjustment for potential confounders, the treatment effect remained statistically significant. Major bleeding occurred in five (3%) of nadroparin-treated patients and in one (1%) of the placebo recipients (P .12). In the a priori specified subgroup of patients with a life expectancy of 6 months or more at enrollment, the hazard ratio was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.90) with a median survival of 15.4 and 9.4 months, respectively. For patients with a shorter life expectancy, the hazard ratio was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.25). Conclusion A brief course of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin favorably influences the survival in patients with advanced malignancy and deserves additional clinical evaluation. J Clin Oncol 23:2130-2135. © 2005 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

The Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Survival in Patients With Advanced Malignancy

Patients with cancer are frequently treated with anticoagulants, including heparins, to treat or to prevent thrombosis. Recent randomized trials that compared low molecular weight heparin to unfractionated heparin for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis have indicated that heparins affect survival of patients with cancer. Experimental studies support the hypothesis that cancer progression can be influenced by heparins, but results of these studies are not conclusive. Heparins are negatively charged polysaccharides that can bind to a wide range of proteins and molecules and affect their activity. As a consequence, heparins have a wide variety of biological activities other than their anticoagulant effects, which may interfere with the malignant process. In the present systematic review, we critically evaluate experimental studies in which heparins have been tested as anti-cancer drugs. All animal studies, published between 1960 and 1999, that report effects of heparins on growth of subcutaneously implanted tumors, spontaneous metastasis or experimentally induced metastasis are reviewed. In addition, we discuss mechanisms by which heparins potentially exert their activity on various steps in cancer progression and malignancy related processes. It is shown that heparins can affect proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells in various ways and that heparins can interfere with adherence of cancer cells to vascular endothelium. Moreover, heparins can affect the immune system and have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on angiogenesis. Because of the wide variety of activities of heparins, it is concluded that the ultimate effect of heparin treatment on cancer progression is uncertain.

The Complex Effects of Heparins on Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Experimental Studies

Identification of deteriorating patients on general wards; measurement of vital parameters and potential effectiveness of the Modified Early Warning Score

Susanne M. Smorenburg

Papers

The incidence and nature of in-hospital adverse events: a systematic review

Effect of a comprehensive surgical safety system on patient outcomes

The Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Survival in Patients With Advanced Malignancy

The Complex Effects of Heparins on Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Experimental Studies

Identification of deteriorating patients on general wards; measurement of vital parameters and potential effectiveness of the Modified Early Warning Score