Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product.

https://www.ece.lsu.edu/mcu/lawss/add_materials/FaultDetectionPart1.pdf

A Review of Process Fault Detection and Diagnosis Part I : Quantitative Model-Based Methods

A review of process fault detection and diagnosis: Part III: Process history based methods

The Mahalanobis distance

This paper provides an overview and analysis of statistical process monitoring methods for fault detection, identification and reconstruction. Several fault detection indices in the literature are analyzed and unified. Fault reconstruction for both sensor and process faults is presented which extends the traditional missing value replacement method. Fault diagnosis methods that have appeared recently are reviewed. The reconstruction-based approach and the contribution-based approach are analyzed and compared with simulation and industrial examples. The complementary nature of the reconstruction- and contribution-based approaches is highlighted. An industrial example of polyester film process monitoring is given to demonstrate the power of the contribution- and reconstruction-based approaches in a hierarchical monitoring framework. Finally we demonstrate that the reconstruction-based framework provides a convenient way for fault analysis, including fault detectability, reconstructability and identifiability conditions, resolving many theoretical issues in process monitoring. Additional topics are summarized at the end of the paper for future investigation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Statistical process monitoring: basics and beyond

Statistical Process Control of Multivariate Processes

https://lqta.iqm.unicamp.br/portugues/downloads/SPC_1.pdf

Process analysis, monitoring and diagnosis, using multivariate projection methods

Multiblock and hierarchical PCA and PLS methods have been proposed in the recent literature in order to improve the interpretability of multivariate models. They have been used in cases where the number of variables is large and additional information is available for blocking the variables into conceptually meaningful blocks. In this paper we compare these methods from a theoretical or algorithmic viewpoint using a common notation and illustrate their differences with several case studies. Undesirable properties of some of these methods, such as convergence problems or loss of data information due to deflation procedures, are pointed out and corrected where possible. It is shown that the objective function of the hierarchical PCA and hierarchical PLS methods is not clear and the corresponding algorithms may converge to different solutions depending on the initial guess of the super score. It is also shown that the results of consensus PCA (CPCA) and multiblock PLS (MBPLS) can be calculated from the standard PCA and PLS methods when the same variable scalings are applied for these methods. The standard PCA and PLS methods require less computation and give better estimation of the scores in the case of missing data. It is therefore recommended that in cases where the variables can be separated into meaningful blocks, the standard PCA and PLS methods be used to build the models and then the weights and loadings of the individual blocks and super block and the percentage variation explained in each block be calculated from the results. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

/pdf/analysis-of-multiblock-and-hierarchical-pca-and-pls-models-1x1rjlkd9u.pdf

Analysis of multiblock and hierarchical PCA and PLS models

Statistical process control methods for monitoring processes with multivariate measurements in both the product quality variable space and the process variable space are considered. Traditional multivariate control charts based on X2 and T2 statistics ..

Multivariate SPC Methods for Process and Product Monitoring

Multivariate monitoring and control schemes based on latent variable methods have been receiving increasing attention by industrial practitioners in the last 15 years. Several companies have enthusiastically adopted the methods and have reported many success stories. Applications have been reported where multivariate statistical process control, fault detection and diagnosis is achieved by utilizing the latent variable space, for continuous and batch processes, as well as, for process transitions as for example start ups and re-starts. This paper gives an overview of the latest developments in multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) and its application for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in industrial processes. It provides a critical review of the methodology and describes how it is transferred to the industrial environment. Recent applications of latent variable methods to process control as well as to image analysis for monitoring and feedback control are discussed. Finally it is emphasized that the multivariate nature of the data should be preserved when data compression and data preprocessing is applied. It is shown that univariate data compression and reconstruction may hinder the validity of multivariate analysis by introducing spurious correlations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Theodora Kourti

Papers

Statistical Process Control of Multivariate Processes

Process analysis, monitoring and diagnosis, using multivariate projection methods

Analysis of multiblock and hierarchical PCA and PLS models

Multivariate SPC Methods for Process and Product Monitoring

Application of latent variable methods to process control and multivariate statistical process control in industry