Valerie A. Earnshaw

TL;DR: A new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals is articulate and the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research is emphasized.

TL;DR: Evaluating the HIV Stigma Framework in a sample of 95 people living with HIV recruited from an inner-city clinic in the Bronx, NY suggests that internalized stigma associates significantly with indicators of affective and behavioral health and well-being.

TL;DR: The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework is proposed, which is a global, crosscutting framework based on theory, research, and practice, and its application to a range of health conditions, including leprosy, epilepsy, mental health, cancer, HIV, and obesity/overweight is demonstrated.

TL;DR: Strengthening economic and community empowerment and trust at the structural level, creating common ingroup identities and promoting contact with people living with HIV among perceivers at the Individual level, and enhancing social support and adaptive coping among targets at the individual level can improve resilience to societal stigma and ultimately reduce racial/ethnic HIV disparities.

TL;DR: Investigation of the impact of internalized, experienced, and anticipated stigma within healthcare settings on the quality of life of 184 participants living with chronic illnesses demonstrates that participants who internalized stigma and experienced stigma from healthcare workers anticipated greater stigma from Healthcare workers.