The advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas (e.g., health, military, home). For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are currently resolving. The current state of the art of sensor networks is captured in this article, where solutions are discussed under their related protocol stack layer sections. This article also points out the open research issues and intends to spark new interests and developments in this field.

/pdf/a-survey-on-sensor-networks-5beav0ez6k.pdf

A survey on sensor networks

https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~brecht/courses/854-Emerging-2014/readings/iot/iot-survey.pdf

The Internet of Things: A survey

https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/197439/1207.0203v1.pdf

Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions

https://www.science.smith.edu/~jcardell/Courses/EGR328/Readings/WSNSurvey2.pdf

Wireless sensor network survey

Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. In this article we present a survey of state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first outline the design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs followed by a comprehensive survey of routing techniques. Overall, the routing techniques are classified into three categories based on the underlying network structure: flit, hierarchical, and location-based routing. Furthermore, these protocols can be classified into multipath-based, query-based, negotiation-based, QoS-based, and coherent-based depending on the protocol operation. We study the design trade-offs between energy and communication overhead savings in every routing paradigm. We also highlight the advantages and performance issues of each routing technique. The article concludes with possible future research areas.

/pdf/routing-techniques-in-wireless-sensor-networks-a-survey-4qmdam1hkl.pdf

Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey

http://www.eecs.ucf.edu/~dcm/Teaching/COT4810-Spring2011/Literature/SensorNetworksSurvey.pdf

Wireless sensor networks: a survey

In the near future, small intelligent devices will be deployed in homes, plantations, oceans, rivers, streets, and highways to monitor the environment. These devices require time synchronization, so voice and video data from different sensor nodes can be fused and displayed in a meaningful way at the sink. Instead of time synchronization between just the sender and receiver or within a local group of sensor nodes, some applications require the sensor nodes to maintain a similar time within a certain tolerance throughout the lifetime of the network. The Time-Diffusion Synchronization Protocol (TDP) is proposed as a network-wide time synchronization protocol. It allows the sensor network to reach an equilibrium time and maintains a small time deviation tolerance from the equilibrium time. In addition, it is analytically shown that the TDP enables time in the network to converge. Also, simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of TDP in synchronizing the time throughout the network and balancing the energy consumed by the sensor nodes.

Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks

InterPlaNetary internet: state-of-the-art and research challenges

One of the main problems that affect the data integrity of passive RFID systems is the collision between the tags. A popular anticollision algorithm which dominates the standards in HF and UHF passive RFID systems is framed slotted Aloha (FSA) and some variations of FSA. Throughput and average time delay of the RFID system which determines the performance/efficiency of the system are reduced rapidly when the number of tags inside the interrogation zone is increased. Using larger frame sizes is not always the solution. This paper discusses and compares the existing protocols, and proposes a variation of FSA, called progressing scanning (PS) algorithm. The PS algorithm divides the tags in the interrogation zone into smaller groups and gives the reader the ability to communicate with each of them. For performance analysis, the PS algorithm was evaluated with the parameters of a typical passive RFID system at 2.5 GHz. The results showed that the PS algorithm can improve the efficiency of the RFID system and provide a reliable solution for cases with a high density of tags in the area (over 800 tags).

Weilian Su

Papers

Wireless sensor networks: a survey

A survey on sensor networks

Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks

InterPlaNetary internet: state-of-the-art and research challenges

Multiple RFID Tags Access Algorithm