William J. Liss

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a frame-work for a hierarchical classification system, entailed an organized view of spatial and temporal variation among and within stream systems, which is useful for research involving establishment of monitoring stations, determination of local impacts of land-use practices, generalization from site-specific data, and assessment of basinwide, cumulative impacts of human activities on streams and their biota.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a management belief system that relies upon natural habitat restoration and maintenance, as opposed to artificial propagation, installation of artificial instream structures (river engineering) and predator control.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of cold thermal refugia created by upwelling groundwater in mediating this effect has been hypothesized but not quantitatively described; however, they did find that rainbow trout O. mykiss abundance within 12 northeast Oregon (USA) stream reaches was inversely correlated with mean ambient maximum stream temperatures (r=−0.7, P 22°C).

TL;DR: Monitoring of thermal heterogeneity and salmonid populations in response to ongoing habitat restoration efforts will provide additional insights into causal rela - tionships among these factors.

TL;DR: This article identified and characterized cold water patches (at least 3°C colder than ambient streamflow temperatures) potentially serving as thermal refugia for cold water fishes during periods of heat stress.