IN THIS SECTION: 1.) BRIEF 2.) COMPREHENSIVE BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research Chapter 3: Ethical Issues Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies Chapter 7: Action Research Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions Chapter 10: Case Studies Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from the Soup COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS: Chapter 1: Introduction Quantitative Versus Qualitative Schools of Thought Use of Triangulation in Research Methodology Qualitative Strategies: Defining an Orientation From a Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Why Use Qualitative Methods? A Plan of Presentation Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research Theory and Concepts Ideas and Theory Reviewing the Literature Evaluating Web Sites Content versus Use Theory, Reality, and the Social World Framing Research Problems Operationalization and Conceptualization Designing Projects Data Collection and Organization Data Storage, Retrieval, and Analysis Dissemination Trying It Out Chapter 3: Ethical Issues Research Ethics in Historical Perspective From Guidelines to Law: Regulations on the Research Process Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) Ethical Codes Some Common Ethical Concerns in Behavioral Research New Areas for Ethical Concern: Cyberspace Informed Consent and Implied Consent Confidentiality and Anonymity Securing the Data Objectivity and Careful Research Design Trying It Out Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing Dramaturgy and Interviewing Types of Interviews The Data Collection Instrument Guideline Development Communicating Effectively A Few Common Problems in Question Formulation Pretesting the Schedule Long Versus Short Interviews Telephone Interviews Computer Assisted Interviewing Conducting an Interview: A Natural or an Unnatural Communication? The Dramaturgical Interview The Interviewer's Repertoire Know Your Audience Analyzing Data Obtained from the Dramaturgical Interview Trying It Out Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing What are Focus Groups? Working With a Group The Evolution of Focus Group Interviews Facilitating Focus Group Dynamics: How Focus Groups Work The Moderator's Guide Basic Ingredients in Focus Groups Analyzing Focus Group Data Confidentiality and Focus Group Interviews Recent Trends in Focus Groups: Online Focus Groups Trying It Out Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies Accessing a Field Setting: Getting In Reflectivity and Ethnography Critical Ethnography Becoming Invisible Other Dangers During Ethnographic Research Watching, Listening, and Learning How to Learn: What to Watch and Listen For Computers and Ethnography OnLine Ethnography Analyzing Ethnographic Data Other Analysis Strategies: Typologies, Sociograms, and Metaphors Disengaging: Getting Out Trying It Out Chapter 7: Action Research The Basics of Action Research Identifying the Research Question(s) Gathering the Information to Answer the Question(s) Analyzing and Interpreting the Information Sharing the Results with the Participants When to Use and When Not to Use Action Research The Action Researcher's Role Types of Action Research Photovoice and Action Research Action Research: A Reiteration Trying It Out Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research Archival Strategies Physical Erosion and accretion: Human Traces as Data Sources Trying It Out Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions What Is Historical Research? Life Histories and Social History What Are the Sources of Data for Historical Researchers? Doing Historiography: Tracing Written History as Data What Are Oral Histories? Trying It Out Chapter 10: Case Studies The Nature of Case Studies Theory and Case Studies The Individual Case Study Intrinsic, Instrumental, and Collective Case Studies Case Study Design Types Designing Case Studies The Scientific Benefit of Case Studies Case Studies of Organizations Case Studies of Communities Trying It Out Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis What is Content Analysis? Analysis of Qualitative Data Content Analysis as a Technique Content Analysis: Quantitative or Qualitative? Communication Components What to Count: Levels and Units of Analysis Category Development: Building Grounded Theory Discourse Analysis and Content Analysis Open Coding Coding Frames Stages in the Content Analysis Process Strengths and Weaknesses of the Content Analysis Process Computers and Qualitative Analysis Qualitative Research at the Speed of Light Trying It Out Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from the Soup Plagiarism: What It Is, Why It's Bad, and How to Avoid It Identifying the Purpose of the Writing: Arranging the Noodles Delineating a Supportive Structure: Visual Signals for the Reader Terms and Conditions Presenting Research Material A Word About the Content of Papers and Articles Write It, Rewrite It, Then Write It Again! A Few Writing Hints A Final Note

https://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/9791/1/40.pdf.pdf

Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences

Conventional teacher education programs follow an apprenticeship model and, in so doing, aspire to provide student teachers with pedagogical skills and techniques derived from a preexisting body of...

Teaching Student Teachers to Reflect

ed summaries and general concepts can be formulated, which may, upon further investigation, be found to be germane to a wider variety of settings. Case studies, therefore are not necessarily restricted

/pdf/qualitative-research-methods-in-health-technology-assessment-1ma11mg407.pdf

Qualitative research methods in health technology assessment: a review of the literature.

Insider or outsider, both or neither: some dilemmas of interviewing in a cross-cultural setting

The study of inequality has been largely defined as the study of its measurable extent, degree, and consequences. It is no less important, however, to understand the interactive processes through which inequalities are created and reproduced in concrete settings. The qualitative research that bears on understanding these processes has not yet been consolidated, and thus its theoretical value remains unrealized. In this article we inductively derive from the literature a sensitizing theory of the generic processes through which inequality is reproduced. The major processes that we identify are othering, subordinate adaptation, boundary maintenance, and emotion management. We argue that conceiving the reproduction of inequality in terms of these generic processes can resolve theoretical problems concerning the connection between local action and extralocal inequalities, and concerning the nature of inequality itself.

/pdf/generic-processes-in-the-reproduction-of-inequality-an-2qiih6pix8.pdf

Generic Processes in the Reproduction of Inequality: An Interactionist Analysis

DOING ETHNOGRAPHY: Reflections on Finding Your Way

Introduction PART ONE: GETTING IN Playing Back the Tape - John Van Maanen Early Days in the Field Sponsors, Gatekeepers, Members and Friends - Robert G Burgess Access in Educational Settings Female Researchers in Male-Dominated Settings - Joan Neff Gurney Implications for Short-Term Versus Long-Term Research Experiencing Research on New Religions and Cults - James T Richardson Practical and Ethical Considerations Managing a Convincing Self-Presentation - William Shaffir Some Personal Reflections on Entering the Field PART TWO: LEARNING THE ROPES A Walk Through the Wilderness - David M Fetterman Learning to Find Your Way Secrecy and Disclosure in Fieldwork - Richard G Mitchell Jr The Researcher Talks Back - Christine Griffin Dealing With Power Relations in Studies of Young People's Entry to the Job Market Encountering the Marketplace - Robert Prus Achieving Intimate Familiarity with Vendor Activity Recognizing and Analyzing Local Cultures - Jaber F Gubrium PART THREE: MAINTAINING RELATIONS Field Relations and the Discourse of the Other - Peter McLaren Collaboration in Our Own Ruin Maintaining Relationships in a School for the Deaf - A Donald Evans Stability and Flexibility - Patricia A Adler and Peter Adler Maintaining Relations Within Organized and Unorganized Groups Fieldworkers' Feelings - Sherryl Kleinman What We Feel, Who We Are, How We Analyze Fragile Ties - Ramona M Asher and Gary Alan Fine Shaping Research Relationships with Women Married to Alcoholics PART FOUR: LEAVING AND KEEPING IN TOUCH High Risk Methodology - Daniel Wolff Reflections on Leaving an Outlaw Society Leaving, Revisiting, and Staying in Touch - Charles P Gallmeier Neglected Issues in Field Research Gone Fishing, Be Back Later - Ilene M Kaplan Ending and Resuming Research Among Fishermen Leaving the Field - Steven J Taylor Research, Relationships, and Responsibilities Do We Ever Leave the Field? Notes on Secondary Fieldwork Involvements - Robert A Stebbins

Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research

Becoming Doctors: The Adoption of a Cloak of Competence

This paper describes how medical students in an innovative educational setting adopt a cloak of competence as a critical part of the professionalizi~tion process. Faced with inordinate and variable expectations to develop and display competence, students professionalize by distancing themselves from those they interact with and by adopting and manipulating the symbols of their new status. Students were observed to engage in impression management to convince others and themselves that they are competent and confident to facethe immense responsibilities of their privileged role. The data were collected by means of participant observation and interviews. INTRODUCTION. The cultural study of a population which, unlike that of a small homogeneous community, is of diverse origins and experiences encounters many special problems. It is necessary to discover what, in the mass of that experience, is the central and consistent element in the life activities of the population under consideration. Dr. Edgerton has found this commonality in the efforts of these people (mentally retarded released into the community from institutions) to envelop themselves in a 'cloak of competence', in their need to deny themselves the reality of their condition, and in the closely related requisite that they hide-or convince themselves they have hidden-the fact that they have been adjudged deficient (Forward by Walter Goldschmidt in Edgerton, 1967: v-vi). (emphasis ours) The processes of covering up personal incompetence, the appearance of incompetence, or feelings of incompetence, are not restricted to the mentally retarded but are characteristic of participants in occupations and societies that place high value on cognitive skills and abilities. Edgerton observes that institutionalized retardates, released to the community, face the problem of acting "normally" and not revealing their secret. Goffman has suggested that managing and manipulating impressions, and conveying a competence one would like to be believed and accepted, characterizes interactions where participants desire to be successful. Individuals and groups maintain fronts conveying certain impressions and covering up less desirable aspects of personality or behavior (Goffman, 1959). Though managing impressions and role playing are basic parts of the sociological drama, they may be more obvious where participants perceive a potentially critical and condemning audience. This is obvious when the audience has high expectations of competence for others and expect, if not demand, displays of competence, particularly when those assumed to be competent control the situation and act or make decisions affecting the well-being of others. The affected parties then look for cues and indications of personal and/or collective (institutional) competence and practitioners organize a

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/si.1977.1.1.71

William Shaffir

Papers

DOING ETHNOGRAPHY: Reflections on Finding Your Way

Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research

Becoming Doctors: The Adoption of a Cloak of Competence

The Professionalization of Medical Students: Developing Competence And A Cloak of Competence*

Fieldwork Experience: Qualitative Approaches to Social Research