Nanofluids, the fluid suspensions of nanomaterials, have shown many interesting properties, and the distinctive features offer unprecedented potential for many applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress on the study of nanofluids, such as the preparation methods, the evaluation methods for the stability of nanofluids, and the ways to enhance the stability for nanofluids, the stability mechanisms of nanofluids, and presents the broad range of current and future applications in various fields including energy and mechanical and biomedical fields. At last, the paper identifies the opportunities for future research.

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A review on nanofluids: preparation, stability mechanisms, and applications

A review of nanofluid stability properties and characterization in stationary conditions

A review on development of nanofluid preparation and characterization

Nanofluids—a simple product of the emerging world of nanotechnology—are suspensions of nanoparticles (nominally 1–100 nm in size) in conventional base fluids such as water, oils, or glycols. Nanofluids have seen enormous growth in popularity since they were proposed by Choi in 1995. In the year 2011 alone, there were nearly 700 research articles where the term nanofluid was used in the title, showing rapid growth from 2006 (175) and 2001 (10). The first decade of nanofluid research was primarily focused on measuring and modeling fundamental thermophysical properties of nanofluids (thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, heat transfer coefficient). Recent research, however, explores the performance of nanofluids in a wide variety of other applications. Analyzing the available body of research to date, this article presents recent trends and future possibilities for nanofluids research and suggests which applications will see the most significant improvement from employing nanofluids.

Small particles, big impacts: A review of the diverse applications of nanofluids

Experimental investigations and theoretical determination of thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3/water nanofluid

Dispersion behavior and thermal conductivity characteristics of Al2O3–H2O nanofluids

Evaluation on dispersion behavior of the aqueous copper nano-suspensions.

Thermal conductivity enhancement dependent pH and chemical surfactant for Cu-H2O nanofluids

Investigation of pH and SDBS on enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids

Aiming at the dispersion of nanoparticles which are regarded as the guide of heat transfer enhancement, we investigated the heat transfer enhancement of two water-based nanofluids, namely, water−Al2O3 and water−Cu mixtures. The absorbency, ζ potential, and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids were measured under different pH values and different sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) dispersant concentrations. The results showed that the stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluids were highly dependent on pH values and SDBS concentrations of nanosuspensions; an optimal pH value and optimal SDBS concentration can result in the highest stability and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids. Therefore, the combined treatment with both the pH and the chemical surfactant concentration was recommended to improve the stability and thermal conductivity for practical applications of nanofluid.

Xianju Wang

Papers

Dispersion behavior and thermal conductivity characteristics of Al2O3–H2O nanofluids

Evaluation on dispersion behavior of the aqueous copper nano-suspensions.

Thermal conductivity enhancement dependent pH and chemical surfactant for Cu-H2O nanofluids

Investigation of pH and SDBS on enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids

Influence of pH and SDBS on the Stability and Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids