The classification of malocclusion

Purpose: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to assess the risk factors associated with failure of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 miniimplants in 44 patients, including 48 miniplates and 92 freestanding miniscrews, were examined in the study. A variety of orthodontic loads were applied. The majority of implants were placed in the posterior maxilla (104/140), and the next most common location was the posterior mandible (34/140). Results: A cumulative survival rate of 89% (125/140) was found by Kaplan-Meier analysis. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between miniplates and freestanding miniscrews, but miniplates were used in more hazardous situations. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model identified anatomic location and peri-implant soft tissue character as 2 independent prognostic indicators. The estimated relative risk of implant failure in the posterior mandible was 1.101 (95% confidence interval, 0.942 to 1.301; P = .046). The risk ratio of failure for implants surrounded by nonkeratinized mucosa was 1.117 (95% confidence interval, 0.899 to 1.405; P = .026). Discussion and Conclusion: The results confirmed the effectiveness of orthodontic mini-implants, but in certain situations adjustment of the treatment plan or modifications in the technique of implant placement may lead to improved success rates. INT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2004;19:100‐106

A Prospective Study of the Risk Factors Associated with Failure of Mini-implants Used for Orthodontic Anchorage

Intraoral scanners (IOS) are devices for capturing direct optical impressions in dentistry. The purpose of this narrative review on the use of IOS was to: (1) identify the advantages/disadvantages of using optical impressions compared to conventional impressions; (2) investigate if optical impressions are as accurate as conventional impressions; (3) evaluate the differences between the IOS currently available commercially; (4) determine the current clinical applications/limitations in the use of IOS. Electronic database searches were performed using specific keywords and MeSH terms. The searches were confined to full-text articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2007 and June 2017. One hundred thirty-two studies were included in the present review; among them, 20 were previous literature reviews, 78 were in vivo clinical studies (6 randomized controlled/crossover trials, 31 controlled/comparative studies; 24 cohort studies/case series; 17 case reports) and 34 were in vitro comparative studies. Optical impressions reduce patient discomfort; IOS are time-efficient and simplify clinical procedures for the dentist, eliminating plaster models and allowing better communication with the dental technician and with patients; however, with IOS, it can be difficult to detect deep margin lines in prepared teeth and/or in case of bleeding, there is a learning curve, and there are purchasing and managing costs. The current IOS are sufficiently accurate for capturing impressions for fabricating a whole series of prosthetic restorations (inlays/onlays, copings and frameworks, single crowns and fixed partial dentures) on both natural teeth and implants; in addition, they can be used for smile design, and to fabricate posts and cores, removable partial prostheses and obturators. The literature to date does not support the use of IOS in long-span restorations with natural teeth or implants. Finally, IOS can be integrated in implant dentistry for guided surgery and in orthodontics for fabricating aligners and custom-made devices.

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Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature

Tooth sensitivity is a very common clinical presentation which can cause considerable concern for patients. This condition is frequently encountered by periodontists, dentists, hygienists and dental therapists. The management of this condition requires a good understanding of the complexity of the problem, as well as the variety of treatments available. This review considers the aetiology, incidence and management of dentinal hypersensitivity.

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Dentinal hypersensitivity: a review

Though not a novel therapeutic concept, the use of miniscrew implants to obtain absolute anchorage has recently become very popular in clinical orthodontic approaches. The mode of anchorage facilitated by these implant systems has a unique characteristic owing to their temporary use, which results in a transient, albeit absolute anchorage. The foregoing properties together with the recently achieved simple application of these screws have increased their popularity, establishing them as a necessary treatment option in complex cases that would have otherwise been impossible to treat. The aim of this comprehensive review is to present and discuss the development, clinical use, benefits, and drawbacks of the miniscrew implants used to obtain a temporary but absolute/skeletal anchorage for orthodontic applications. Topics to be discussed include classification, types and properties (e.g., biocompatibility, osseointegration, types of anchorage, screw head, and thread design), clinical applications, site and placement method selection, clinical procedures for implant insertion, and loading and removal processes. Lastly, the potential complications and the advantages and disadvantages accompanying their use are presented.

The use of miniscrew implants for temporary skeletal anchorage in orthodontics: a comprehensive review.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the precision of threedimensional (3D) images acquired using iTero® (Align Technology Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) and Trios® (3Shape Dental Systems, Copenhagen, Denmark) digital intraoral scanners, and to evaluate the effects of the severity of tooth irregularities and scanning sequence on precision. Methods: Dental arch models were fabricated with differing degrees of tooth irregularity and divided into 2 groups based on scanning sequence. To assess their precision, images were superimposed and an optimized superimposition algorithm was employed to measure any 3D deviation. The t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA were performed (p < 0.05) for statistical analysis. Results: The iTero® and Trios® systems showed no statistically significant difference in precision among models with differing degrees of tooth irregularity. However, there were statistically significant differences in the precision of the 2 scanners when the starting points of scanning were different. The iTero® scanner (mean deviation, 29.84 ± 12.08 mm) proved to be less precise than the Trios® scanner (22.17 ± 4.47 mm). Conclusions: The precision of 3D images differed according to the degree of tooth irregularity, scanning sequence, and scanner type. However, from a clinical standpoint, both scanners were highly accurate regardless of the degree of tooth irregularity. [Korean J Orthod 2016;46(1):3-12]

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A comparison of the precision of three-dimensional images acquired by 2 digital intraoral scanners: effects of tooth irregularity and scanning direction

/pdf/finite-element-investigation-of-the-center-of-resistance-of-5a25c8lvr1.pdf

Finite-element investigation of the center of resistance of the maxillary dentition

Volumetric changes in the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery for skeletal class iii malocclusions: A case series study using 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography

Eighteen-month evaluation of the effects of a 0.4% stannous fluoride gel on gingivitis in orthodontic patients.

Objectives: To evaluate palatal bone density to allow for better selection of palatal implant anchorage sites. Materials and Methods: Computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained from 15 males and 15 females (mean age, 27 years; range, 23–35 years). Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) at 80 coordinates at regular mediolateral and anteroposterior intervals along the midpalatal suture. Results: Bone densities ranged from 805 to 1247 HU. A significant difference between male and female groups was noted, although no difference was found between left and right sides of individual palates. Palatal bone densities showed a tendency to decrease laterally and posteriorly. The midpalatal area within 3 mm of the midsagittal suture had the densest bone in the entire palate. Conclusion: Results suggest that mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage may be effectively placed in most areas with bone density equivalent to the palatal area if they are placed from 3 mm posterior to the incisive foram...

/pdf/palatal-bone-density-in-adult-subjects-implications-for-mini-3tvswvapjp.pdf

Youn Sic Chun

Papers

A comparison of the precision of three-dimensional images acquired by 2 digital intraoral scanners: effects of tooth irregularity and scanning direction

Finite-element investigation of the center of resistance of the maxillary dentition

Volumetric changes in the upper airway after bimaxillary surgery for skeletal class iii malocclusions: A case series study using 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography

Eighteen-month evaluation of the effects of a 0.4% stannous fluoride gel on gingivitis in orthodontic patients.

Palatal bone density in adult subjects: implications for mini-implant placement.