http://www.endoexperience.com/documents/Cellularmolecularandtissuelevelreactionstoorthoforce_2006.pdf

Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force

We conducted an evidence-based review of literature regarding use of oral appliances (OAs) in the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) from 1995 until the present. Our structured search revealed 141 articles for systematic scrutiny, of which 87 were suit- able for inclusion in the evidence base, including 15 Level I to II random- ized controlled trials and 5 of these trials with placebo-controlled treat- ment. The efficacy of OAs was established for controlling OSA in some but not all patients with success (defined as no more than 10 apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep) achieved in an average of 52% of treated patients. Effects on sleepiness and quality of life were also demonstrated, but improvements in other neurocognitive outcomes were not consistent. The mechanism of OA therapy is related to opening of the upper airway as demonstrated by imaging and physiologic monitoring. Treatment ad- herence is variable with patients reporting using the appliance a median of 77% of nights at 1 year. Minor adverse effects were frequent whereas major adverse effects were uncommon. Minor tooth movement and small changes in the occlusion developed in some patients after prolonged use, but the long-term dental significance of this is uncertain. In comparison to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), OAs are less efficacious in reducing the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), but OAs appear to be used more (at least by self report), and in many studies were preferred over CPAP when the treatments were compared. OAs have also been com- pared favorably to surgical modification of the upper airway (uvulopalato- pharyngoplasty, UPPP). Comparisons between OAs of different designs have produced variable findings. The literature of OA therapy for OSA now provides better evidence for the efficacy of this treatment modality and considerable guidance regarding the frequency of adverse effects and the indications for use in comparison to CPAP and UPPP. Citation: Ferguson KA; Cartwright R; Rogers R et al. Oral Appliances for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review. SLEEP 2006;29(2): 244-262.

http://www.mysilentsleep.com/docs/Research-18.pdf

Oral appliances for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a review.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to assess the risk factors associated with failure of mini-implants used for orthodontic anchorage. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 miniimplants in 44 patients, including 48 miniplates and 92 freestanding miniscrews, were examined in the study. A variety of orthodontic loads were applied. The majority of implants were placed in the posterior maxilla (104/140), and the next most common location was the posterior mandible (34/140). Results: A cumulative survival rate of 89% (125/140) was found by Kaplan-Meier analysis. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between miniplates and freestanding miniscrews, but miniplates were used in more hazardous situations. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model identified anatomic location and peri-implant soft tissue character as 2 independent prognostic indicators. The estimated relative risk of implant failure in the posterior mandible was 1.101 (95% confidence interval, 0.942 to 1.301; P = .046). The risk ratio of failure for implants surrounded by nonkeratinized mucosa was 1.117 (95% confidence interval, 0.899 to 1.405; P = .026). Discussion and Conclusion: The results confirmed the effectiveness of orthodontic mini-implants, but in certain situations adjustment of the treatment plan or modifications in the technique of implant placement may lead to improved success rates. INT J ORAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2004;19:100‐106

A Prospective Study of the Risk Factors Associated with Failure of Mini-implants Used for Orthodontic Anchorage

The aim of this study was to provide an anatomical map to assist the clinician in miniscrew placement in a safe location between dental roots. Volumetric tomographic images of 25 maxillae and 25 mandibles taken with the NewTom SystemT were examined. For each interradicular space, the mesiodistal and the buccolingual distances were measured at two, five, eight, and 11 mm from the alveolar crest. In this article, measurements distal to the canines are presented. In the maxilla, the greatest amount of mesiodistal bone was on the palatal side between the second premolar and the first molar. The least amount of bone was in the tuberosity. The greatest thickness of bone in the buccopalatal dimension was between the first and second molars, whereas the least was found in the tuberosity. In the mandible, the greatest amount of mesiodistal dimension was between first and second premolar. The least amount of bone was between the first premolar and the canine. In the buccolingual dimension, the greatest thickness was between first and second molars. The least amount of bone was between first premolar and the canine. Clinical indications for a safe application of the miniscrews are provided, as well as the ideal miniscrew features. (Angle Orthod 2006;76:191‐197.)

“Safe Zones”: A Guide for Miniscrew Positioning in the Maxillary and Mandibular Arch

Make more knowledge even in less time every day. You may not always spend your time and money to go abroad and get the experience and knowledge by yourself. Reading is a good alternative to do in getting this desirable knowledge and experience. You may gain many things from experiencing directly, but of course it will spend much money. So here, by reading a textbook of oral pathology, you can take more advantages with limited budget.

A textbook of oral pathology: William G. Shafer, D.D.S., Maynard K. Hine, D.D.S., Barnet M. Levy, D.D.S., and Charles E. Tomich, D.D.S., ed. 4, Philadelphia, 1983, W. B. Saunders Co. 917 pages. $36.50

Intrusion of posterior teeth using mini-screw implants

Miniscrew-assisted nonsurgical palatal expansion before orthognathic surgery for a patient with severe mandibular prognathism

Soft-tissue and cortical-bone thickness at orthodontic implant sites

Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth

Objective:  To evaluate the stability of nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME) in young adults with a transverse maxillary deficiency. Materials and Methods:  From a total of 69 adult patients who underwent MARME followed by orthodontic treatment with a straight-wire appliance, 20 patients (mean age, 20.9 ± 2.9 years) with follow-up records (mean, 30.2 ± 13.2 months) after debonding were selected. Posteroanterior cephalometric records and dental casts were obtained at the initial examination (T0), immediately after MARME removal (T1), immediately after debonding (T2), and at posttreatment follow-up (T3). Results:  Suture separation was observed in 86.96% of subjects (60/69). An increase in the maxillary width (J-J; 1.92 mm) accounted for 43.34% of the total expansion with regard to the intermolar width (IMW) increase (4.43 mm; P .05) and −0.42 mm (P  =  .01), respectively, during retentio...

https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/bitstream/22282913/151889/1/T201603199.pdf

Young Chel Park

Papers

Intrusion of posterior teeth using mini-screw implants

Miniscrew-assisted nonsurgical palatal expansion before orthognathic surgery for a patient with severe mandibular prognathism

Soft-tissue and cortical-bone thickness at orthodontic implant sites

Long-term stability of anterior open-bite treatment by intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth

Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults