Showing papers by "Bournemouth University published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , an adaptive membership function based on CUB model is suggested to pre-transform Likert-type variables into fuzzy numbers before the adoption of a clustering algorithm.
Abstract: Likert-type scales are commonly used in both academia and industry to capture human feelings since they are user-friendly, easy-to-develop and easy-to administer. This kind of scales generate ordinal variables made up of a set of rank ordered items. Since the distance between two consecutive items cannot be either defined or presumed equal, this kind of variable cannot be analysed by either statistical methods defined on a metric space or parametric tests. Therefore, Likert-type variables cannot be used as segmentation variables of a traditional cluster analysis unless pre-transformed. In such context, fuzzy numbers have been suggested as a way to recode Likert-type variables. Fuzzy numbers are defined by a membership function whose form is usually determined by an expert. In practice, researchers usually define one membership function for each Likert-type scale, not considering the peculiar characteristics of neither questions nor respondents. In this way, the individual uncertainty against each question is considered equal and constant. To overcome this limitation and to reduce the expert’s subjectivity, in this study an adaptive membership function based on CUB model is suggested to pre-transform Likert-type variables into fuzzy numbers before the adoption of a clustering algorithm. After a theoretical presentation of the method, an application using real data will be presented to demonstrate how the method works.
1 citations
23 Feb 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the theoretical and practical bases for the application of network concepts and methods to the investigation of hominin and human cognition are reviewed, as well as valuable tools for understanding key features and selective pressures driving its evolution.
Abstract: Abstract Cognitive evolution is driven by network variables, including adaptive changes in group size, population density and effective population size, and the connectivity among individuals and groups. Concepts and methods developed to study networks offer enormous potential for studying cognitive evolution, providing practical analytical methods for handling the archaeological and anthropological data sets that comprise the only hard evidence for it. In addition, they also offer valuable tools for understanding key features of hominin cognition and the selective pressures driving its evolution. Accordingly, this chapter reviews the theoretical and practical bases for the application of network concepts and methods to the investigation of hominin and human cognition.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the concept of Aletheia (disclosure) is applied to criminal law, and the author asserts that when the concept is applied, there must be three repercussions for this truth characterization: First, it is not restricted to propositions resulting in the discovery of its various forms depicting Being-in-the-world.
Abstract: Heidegger’s philosophy of truth is a critical revelation concerning criminalization. The idea of truth has been a long series of debates among scholastic artworks since the idea of man’s interactions cannot be extrapolated to knowledge-seeking existence. Hence, evidence law pertaining to types of killings, such as degrees of murder, with depraved heart killings of another, based on statutory codes and murder from common law jurisdiction, have elements for evaluation of its severity of criminal offense subject to punishment based on Model Penal Code. Although centuries have passed, erudite articulation of these issues led to the development of questions, like ‘what are the elements of murder crucial for unlawful perpetration?’, ‘what are the arguments concerning exact copy of legal instruments?’ or ‘what must be the facts needed to make it essential for the validity of measurement concerning crime perpetration of murder?’ for tools of becoming. This article asserts that when the concept of truth, known as Aletheia (disclosure), is applied to criminal law, there must be three repercussions for this truth characterization. First, Aletheia is not restricted to propositions resulting in the discovery of its various forms depicting Being-in-the-World. Second, the idea of truth does not only involve a substance for language and thought but also exposure to factual materials. Lastly, Aletheia simultaneously reveals and hides planned occasions, constantly discussing that the truth is always a becoming process, a series of returning existence. Every discussion of truth in murder under criminal law has the tendency to create another intricate philosophical issue. The three exceptional principles of truth, namely, correspondence, coherence, and pragmatic theories, are deemed to be inadequate in resolving the questions on proof of facts, as mentioned, due to the issue of existence. The theory of Heidegger suggests that we must rely on the ancient Greek concept of ‘unconcealment.’ Upon this validation, this paper applies critical assessment to reveal the concept of truth, seeking justice based on proof of facts involving the crime perpetration of murder constituting Heidegger’s opinions and judicial decisions. Heidegger’s truth is designed to Dasein (existence) as for being. The philosopher believes in the existence of truth due to exposure to its existence; hence, the Australian Legal System serves as the common ground in formulating laws based on legal theories as a legislative framework pre-emptive to constitutional law towards application of its legal practice and regulatory policies to be in harmony set for amendments of constitutional gaps in terms of applying the critical assessment of Heidegger to other comparative laws based on political agendas for monetary success.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the effects of highlighting the enjoyment conferred by fruit for encouraging fruit consumption, and found that higher intention to consume fruit and more positive attitudes towards fruit were associated with higher likely enjoyment of the fruit visualized, higher fruit liking in general and higher fruit-related self-efficacy.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored the characteristics and behaviour of both the police officers and victims involved in abuse of position for a sexual purpose (APSP) and found that there may be differences in behaviours and victim selection within APSP perpetrators.
Abstract: Abuse of position for a sexual purpose (APSP) in police officers is a serious form of corruption that often re-victimises highly vulnerable people such as victims of domestic abuse and rape. It is thought to be underreported by victims because they fear disbelief and negative repercussions. As a consequence, such behaviour may go undetected for a long time. Using a content analysis of 10 completed APSP investigations conducted by an English police force, the research explored the characteristics and behaviour of both the police officers and victims involved. The results suggest that there may be differences in behaviours and victim selection within APSP perpetrators. Two perpetrator types are tentatively suggested: the shark and the fisherman. The shark is characterised by those who make rapid sexual contact with a specifically targeted highly vulnerable victim, often causing lasting harm. The fisherman uses a more tentative approach, casting a wide net to many potential victims (with similarities to grooming) but often failing to make sexual contact. The behaviour of both offending styles, and the implications for internal police investigations, is discussed.
01 Jan 2023
01 Jan 2023
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the potential impact and implications of using foot sensors in competitive race walking and concluded on balance that such sensors are appropriate for use in race walking events.
TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic review aimed at identifying and summarizing all published controlled intervention studies investigating the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on mental health in adults was conducted. But the authors did not consider the effect of fruit consumption in mental health.
Abstract: Associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and mental health are suggested, largely from observational studies. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarize all published controlled intervention studies investigating the effects of FV consumption on mental health in adults. Four academic databases (Medline, PsychInfo, Pubmed, Web of Science) were searched on 16.09.22, over all years, for studies that: used an intervention design; included fruit and/or vegetable consumption; included an appropriate non-FV-consumption control; used a validated measure of mental health; and were conducted in healthy adults or adults with solely a depressive or anxiety-related condition. Study details were tabulated and combined using meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using the domains of the Cochrane Collaboration. Six studies, enrolling 691 healthy adults, and reporting on one or more mental health outcomes were found. Meta-analyses found small and imprecise effects of FV consumption: Psychological Well-being (4 studies, 289 participants) SMD=0.07 (95% confidence intervals (95%CI) -0.17, 0.30), p=0.58, I2=0%; Depressive Symptomology (3 studies, 271 participants) SMD=-0.15 (95%CI -0.40, 0.10), p=0.23, I2=46%; Anxiety-related Symptomology (4 studies, 298 participants) SMD=-0.15 (95%CI -0.39, 0.08), p=0.20, I2=69%. Some benefit for Psychological Well-being was found in change-from-baseline data: SMD=0.28 (95%CI 0.04, 0.52), p=0.02, I2=0%). Risk of bias was high in many studies. Limitations include the consideration only of published studies, and stem from the studies found. Given the few, limited studies available and the small size of effects, stronger evidence is needed before recommending FV consumption for mental health.
28 Apr 2023
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors explore the development of these laws, and explore the unintended consequences, such as the application of law designed to protect children from exploitation being applied to those victims, can result.
Abstract: One of the fundamental challenges in policing teen sexting lies in the efficacy of legislation developed for one purpose now being applied to another. While the focus of this study lies in the legal and social contexts within England, because this is where we conduct the majority of our research, there are similar legislative approaches in other jurisdictions. If we explore the development of these laws, we can see that, while that are debated with the best of intentions, unintended consequences, such as the application of law designed to protect children from exploitation being applied to those victims, can result.
01 Jan 2023
01 Jan 2023