Changchun University

About: Changchun University is a education organization based out in Changchun, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Control theory & Microstructure. The organization has 9975 authors who have published 7537 publications receiving 67803 citations.

Proteomic Analyses Provide Novel Insights into Plant Growth and Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Forest Cultivated Panax ginseng (F.Ginseng)

Abstract: F. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is planted in the forest to enhance the natural ginseng resources, which have an immense medicinal and economic value. The morphology of the cultivated plants becomes similar to that of wild growing ginseng (W. Ginseng) over the years. So far, there have been no studies highlighting the physiological or functional changes in F. Ginseng and its wild counterparts. In the present study, we used proteomic technologies (2DE and iTRAQ) coupled to mass spectrometry to compare W. Ginseng and F. Ginseng at various growth stages. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on protein abundance revealed that the protein expression profile of 25-year-old F. Ginseng was more like W. Ginseng than less 20-year-old F. Ginseng. We identified 192 differentially expressed protein spots in F. Ginseng. These protein spots increased with increase in growth years of F. Ginseng and were associated with proteins involved in energy metabolism, ginsenosides biosynthesis, and stress response. The mRNA, physiological, and metabolic analysis showed that the external morphology, protein expression profile, and ginsenoside synthesis ability of the F. Ginseng increased just like that of W. Ginseng with the increase in age. Our study represents the first characterization of the proteome of F. Ginseng during development and provides new insights into the metabolism and accumulation of ginsenosides.

Developmental selection of var gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract: The protozoan Plasmodium falciparum causes lethal malaria1. Adhesion of erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum to vascular endothelium and to uninfected red blood cells (rosetting) may be involved in the pathogenesis of severe malaria2,3,4. The binding is mediated by the antigenically variant erythrocyte-membrane-protein-1 (PfEMP-1)5,6,7,8, which is encoded by members of the P. falciparum var gene family9,10. The control of expression and switching of var genes seems to lack resemblance to mechanisms operating in variant gene families of other microbial pathogens11,12. Here we show that multiple, distinct var gene transcripts (about 24 or more) can be detected by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in bulk cultures of the rosetting parasite FCR3S1.2, despite the adhesive homogeneity of the cultures. We also detected several var transcripts in single erythrocytes infected with a ring-stage parasite of FCR3S1.2, and found that different var genes are transcribed simultaneously from several chromosomes in the same cell. In contrast, we detected only one var transcript, FCR3S1.2 var-1, which encodes the rosetting PfEMP-1 protein13, in individual rosette-adhesive trophozoite-infected cells, and we found only one PfEMP-1 type at the erythrocyte surface by labelling with 125iodine and immunoprecipitation. We conclude that a single P. falciparum parasite simultaneously transcribes multiple var genes but, through a developmentally regulated process, selects only one PfEMP-1 to reach the surface of the host cell.

All-in-One Theranostic Nanoagent with Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Modulating Tumor Microenvironment Ability for Effective Tumor Eradication

Abstract: Despite regulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is an intelligent strategy for cancer therapy, the therapeutic effects of ROS-mediated therapy (including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT)) are limited by oxygen reliance, inherent flaws of traditional photosensitizers, and strict reaction conditions of effective Fenton reaction. Herein, we reported biocompatible copper ferrite nanospheres (CFNs) with enhanced ROS production under irradiation with a 650 nm laser through direct electron transfer and photoenhanced Fenton reaction and high photothermal conversion efficiency upon exposure to an 808 nm laser, exhibiting a considerable improved synergistic treatment effect. Importantly, by exploiting the properties of O2 generation and glutathione (GSH) depletion of CFNs, CFNs relieve the hypoxia and antioxidant capability of the tumor, achieving photoenhanced CDT and improved PDT. The high relaxivity of 468.06 mM–1 s–1 enables CFNs to act as an outstanding contrast agent for...