Forschungszentrum Jülich

About: Forschungszentrum Jülich is a facility organization based out in Jülich, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Thin film & Divertor. The organization has 17157 authors who have published 35613 publications receiving 994191 citations.

Definition and characterization of an extended social-affective default network

Abstract: Recent evidence suggests considerable overlap between the default mode network (DMN) and regions involved in social, affective and introspective processes We considered these overlapping regions as the social-affective part of the DMN In this study, we established a robust mapping of the underlying brain network formed by these regions and those strongly connected to them (the extended social-affective default network) We first seeded meta-analytic connectivity modeling and resting-state analyses in the meta-analytically defined DMN regions that showed statistical overlap with regions associated with social and affective processing Consensus connectivity of each seed was subsequently delineated by a conjunction across both connectivity analyses We then functionally characterized the ensuing regions and performed several cluster analyses Among the identified regions, the amygdala/hippocampus formed a cluster associated with emotional processes and memory functions The ventral striatum, anterior cingulum, subgenual cingulum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex formed a heterogeneous subgroup associated with motivation, reward and cognitive modulation of affect Posterior cingulum/precuneus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were associated with mentalizing, self-reference and autobiographic information The cluster formed by the temporo-parietal junction and anterior middle temporal sulcus/gyrus was associated with language and social cognition Taken together, the current work highlights a robustly interconnected network that may be central to introspective, socio-affective, that is, self- and other-related mental processes

Strength and directionality of surface Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction mapped on the atomic scale

Abstract: The Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction indirectly couples the moments of magnetic atoms through conduction electrons. Using a spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscope, the direction and strength of this interaction between pairs and triplets of isolated atoms on a surface has been imaged directly.

Thermodynamics of light management in photovoltaic devices

Abstract: This paper elaborates a comprehensive theory of the thermodynamics of light management in solar cells explicitly considering imperfect light trapping, parasitic absorption and nonradiative recombination losses A quantitative description of the entropic losses that reduce the open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency from the radiative limit towards realistic situations is presented The theory embraces the fundamental limits for idealized solar cell devices given by the Yablonovitch limit and the Shockley-Queisser limit We discriminate between reversible and irreversible entropic loss processes for four fundamental light management concepts: (i) conventional light trapping as an integral part of the device, (ii) geometric concentration of incident light, (iii) angular restriction of incoming and outgoing light, and (iv) light concentration by luminescent solar collectors Based on this discrimination, a comprehensive discussion of the interplay between the loss processes and light management is presented As part of this analysis, a new figure of merit for efficient light trapping in solar cells is introduced as well as an example of a deterministic light trapping concept which induces almost optimal light trapping

Magnetically driven superconductivity in CeCu2Si2

Abstract: A neutron-scattering study provides quantitative evidence for magnetically mediated superconductivity close to a quantum critical point in the heavy fermion superconductor CeCu2Si2.