Institution
Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague
Education•Prague, Czechia•
About: Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague is a education organization based out in Prague, Czechia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Graphene. The organization has 4314 authors who have published 7315 publications receiving 123052 citations.
Topics: Catalysis, Graphene, Membrane, Alloy, Microstructure
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Daniel J. Klionsky1, Fábio Camargo Abdalla2, Hagai Abeliovich3, Robert T. Abraham4 +1284 more•Institutions (463)
TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
4,316 citations
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TL;DR: The unexpected recognition of the substrate, L-arginine, at the H4B site indicates that this site is poised to stabilize a positively charged pterin ring and suggests a model involving a cationic pterIn radical in the catalytic cycle.
616 citations
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École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1, University of Minho2, Technical University of Denmark3, University of Queensland4, University of Lyon5, University of Santiago de Compostela6, Wageningen University and Research Centre7, Polytechnic University of Milan8, National Research Council9, Delft University of Technology10, Hamburg University of Technology11, University of Borås12, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague13, Technische Universität München14, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna15, University of Hohenheim16, University of Paris17, University of Toulouse18, Spanish National Research Council19, Institut national de la recherche agronomique20
TL;DR: Recommendations on items that strongly influence the outcome of BMP tests such as inoculum characteristics, substrate preparation, test setup, and data analysis are presented to increase the probability of obtaining validated and reproducible results.
575 citations
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TL;DR: Current mycotoxin occurrenceabove the EU and Codex limits appears to confirm the FAO 25% estimate, while this figure greatly underestimates the occurrence above the detectable levels (up to 60–80%).
Abstract: Prior to 1985 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated global food crop contamination with mycotoxins to be 25%. The origin of this statement is largely unknown. To assess the rationale for it, the relevant literature was reviewed and data of around 500,000 analyses from the European Food Safety Authority and large global survey for aflatoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in cereals and nuts were examined. Using different thresholds, i.e. limit of detection, the lower and upper regulatory limits of European Union (EU) legislation and Codex Alimentarius standards, the mycotoxin occurrence was estimated. Impact of different aspects on uncertainty of the occurrence estimates presented in literature and related to our results are critically discussed. Current mycotoxin occurrence above the EU and Codex limits appears to confirm the FAO 25% estimate, while this figure greatly underestimates the occurrence above the detectable levels (up to 60-80%). The high occurrence is likely explained by a combination of the improved sensitivity of analytical methods and impact of climate change. It is of immense importance that the detectable levels are not overlooked as through diets, humans are exposed to mycotoxin mixtures which can induce combined adverse health effects.
563 citations
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TL;DR: The area of exponentially increasing research in arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene, which belong to the fifth main group of elements, the so-called pnictogens, is provided.
Abstract: Two-dimensional materials are responsible for changing research in materials science. After graphene and its counterparts, graphane, fluorographene, and others were introduced, waves of renewed interest in 2D binary compounds occurred, such as in metal oxides, transition-metal dichalcogenides (most often represented by MoS2 ), metal oxy/hydroxide borides, and MXenes, to name the most prominent. Recently, interest has turned to two-dimensional monoelemental structures, such as monolayer black phosphorus and, very recently, to monolayer arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Here, a short overview is provided of the area of exponentially increasing research in arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene, which belong to the fifth main group of elements, the so-called pnictogens. A short review of historical work is provided, the properties of bulk allotropes of As, Sb, and Bi discussed, and then theoretical and experimental research on mono- and few-layered arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene addressed, discussing their structures and properties.
558 citations
Authors
Showing all 4346 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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José A. Teixeira | 101 | 1414 | 47329 |
Martin Pumera | 87 | 768 | 37404 |
Hans-Georg Kräusslich | 79 | 268 | 24829 |
Virender K. Sharma | 74 | 430 | 24085 |
António A. Vicente | 71 | 522 | 18217 |
Jana Hajslova | 68 | 409 | 14074 |
Jiří Čejka | 62 | 489 | 16323 |
Zdeněk Sofer | 61 | 430 | 14341 |
Justin D. Holmes | 60 | 431 | 14290 |
Wim Dehaen | 59 | 591 | 16183 |
Miroslava Trchová | 59 | 284 | 13387 |
Rudi van Eldik | 56 | 655 | 15584 |
Jinhua Li | 53 | 151 | 7416 |
Vladimír Král | 48 | 362 | 9313 |
Radim J. Sram | 46 | 93 | 5612 |