Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research

About: Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research is a nonprofit organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Breast cancer. The organization has 2676 authors who have published 5482 publications receiving 221859 citations.

Surgical Anatomy of the Superior Mesenteric Vessels Related to Colon and Pancreatic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract: The surgeon dissecting the base of the mesenterium, around the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and artery, is facing a complex tridimensional vascular anatomy and should be aware of the anatomical variants in this area. The aim of this systematic review is to propose a standardized terminology of the superior mesenteric vessels, with impact in colon and pancreatic resections. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases up to March 2017. Forty-five studies, involving a total of 6090 specimens were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of the ileocolic, right colic and middle colic arteries was 99.8%, 60.1%, and 94.6%, respectively. The superior right colic vein and Henle trunk were present in 73.9%, and 89.7% of specimens, respectively. In conclusion, the infra-pancreatic anatomy of the superior mesenteric vessels is widely variable. We propose the term Henle trunk to be used for any venous confluence between gastric, pancreatic and colic veins, which drains between the inferior border of the pancreas and up to 20 mm downward on the right-anterior aspect of the SMV. The term gastrocolic trunk should not be synonymous, but a subgroup of the Henle trunk, together with to gastropancreatocolic, gastropancreatic, or colopancreatic trunk.

Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 9-[c-4,t-5-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-2-en-r-1-yl]-9H-adenine.

Abstract: The synthesis and in vitro anti-HIV activity of two new racemic nucleoside analogues are described; namely, 9-[c-4,t-5-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopent-2-en-r-1-yl]-9H-adenine (12) and its guanine analogue 18. While the latter (18) showed no activity, the therapeutic index of the former (12) was 200 and comparable to that (400) of carbovir. One enantiomer of 12 may be viewed as an analogue of carbocyclic oxetanocin and the other as an analogue of carbovir. Hence, these results indicate that one or both of the individual enantiomers of 12 could serve as candidates or lead compounds for the development of anti-AIDS agents.

Role of Radiation Therapy in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group.

Abstract: Approximately 30% to 40% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) will have either primary refractory disease or relapse after chemotherapy. In transplant-eligible patients, those with disease sensitive to salvage chemotherapy will significantly benefit from high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. The rationale for considering radiation therapy (RT) for selected patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL as a part of the salvage program is based on data regarding the patterns of relapse and retrospective series showing improved local control and clinical outcomes for patients who received peritransplant RT. In transplant-ineligible patients, RT can provide effective palliation and, in selected cases, be administered with curative intent if the relapsed/refractory disease is localized. We have reviewed the indications for RT in the setting of relapsed/refractory DLBCL and provided recommendations regarding the optimal timing of RT, dose fractionation scheme, and treatment volume in the context of specific case scenarios.

Differential regulation of FAS‐mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid synoviocytes by tumor necrosis factor α and basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with the expression of apoptosis‐related molecules

Abstract: Objective Fas-mediated apoptosis is associated with the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the molecular mechanisms of this process remain to be elucidated in rheumatoid synovium. We investigated the behavior of intracellular signaling molecules that regulate Fas-mediated apoptosis in RA synoviocytes. Methods Anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (mAb) was added to RA synoviocytes after treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for 5 days. The cytotoxic activity was measured using a lactate dehydrogenase-release assay. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules in RA synoviocytes was examined by immunoblot analysis. The enzymatic activities of caspases 3 and 8 under Fas ligation were examined. Transfer of the FADD (Fas-associated death domain) protein and the FLIP(L) (long form of the FLICE [FADD-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme]-inhibitory protein) gene into RA synoviocytes was performed using adenoviral vectors. Results Following a 5-day treatment with TNFalpha or bFGF, Fas ligation with its agonistic mAb induced apoptosis of almost all TNFalpha-treated RA synoviocytes but only showed a weak apoptotic activity in bFGF-treated synoviocytes. Although there was no correlation between the induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related molecules among these cells, a high enzymatic activity of caspases 3 and 8 was observed only in the TNFalpha-treated RA synoviocytes after Fas ligation. The bFGF-treated RA synoviocytes were relatively resistant to apoptosis induced by FADD gene transfection, as compared with the TNFalpha-treated synoviocytes. In addition, the expression of FLIP(L), an inhibitory molecule of Fas-mediated apoptosis, was reduced in TNFalpha-treated RA synoviocytes, and the expression of FLIP43 was augmented in bFGF-treated RA synoviocytes. Moreover, Fas-mediated apoptosis in TNFalpha-treated RA synoviocytes was partially inhibited by FLIP(L) gene transfection. Conclusion Our results suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis of RA synoviocytes is differentially regulated by TNFalpha and bFGF. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis involve the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex, especially at the level of caspase 8 activation, and this process may be partly associated with FLIP expression.