Showing papers by "Queen Mary University of London published in 1974"
01 Dec 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a scheme in which a fuzzy algorithm is used to control plant, in this case, a laboratory-built steam engine, implemented as an interpreter of a set of rules expressed as fuzzy conditional statements.
Abstract: The paper describes a scheme in which a fuzzy algorithm is used to control plant, in this case, a laboratory-built steam engine. The algorithm is implemented as an interpreter of a set of rules expressed as fuzzy conditional statements. This implementation on a digital computer is used online, to control the plant. The merit of such a controller is discussed in the light of the results obtained.
3,916 citations
01 May 1974
TL;DR: In this article, a unified, comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of both statistical and descriptive methods for pattern recognition is provided, including Bayesian decision theory, supervised and unsupervised learning, nonparametric techniques, discriminant analysis, clustering, preprosessing of pictorial data, spatial filtering, shape description techniques, perspective transformations, projective invariants, linguistic procedures, and artificial intelligence techniques for scene analysis.
Abstract: Provides a unified, comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of both statistical and descriptive methods for pattern recognition. The topics treated include Bayesian decision theory, supervised and unsupervised learning, nonparametric techniques, discriminant analysis, clustering, preprosessing of pictorial data, spatial filtering, shape description techniques, perspective transformations, projective invariants, linguistic procedures, and artificial intelligence techniques for scene analysis.
1,222 citations
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22 Mar 1974TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model with permanent removal and a more general model and the determination of the intensity of an epidemic is presented. But the model is not suitable for the case of smallpox.
Abstract: 1. A Simple Epidemic Model with Permanent Removal.- 2. A More General Model and the Determination of the Intensity of an Epidemic.- 3. A Threshold Model.- 4. A Threshold Model with Temporary Immunity.- 5. Some Special Cases and Some Numerical Examples.- 6. A Two Population Threshold Model.- 7. A Model with Age Dependence and an Open Population.- 8. Some Simple Control Aspects.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, consistent analyses for the B 3 Π 0 u + -X 1 Σ g + systems of 79Br2 and 81Br2 from separate observations on the absorption spectra of the two isotopes were given.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a fracture-mechanics theory is developed which gives fracture criteria for solids in general, without limitations as to their linearity, elastic behaviour or infinitesimal strain.
Abstract: A fracture-mechanics theory is developed which gives fracture criteria for solids in general, without limitations as to their linearity, elastic behaviour or infinitesimal strain. Besides the “standard” results of the theory which reduce to familiar forms like the Griffith equation for linear, elastic solids, several new results emerge from the theory. These include a relationship between the surface work and the true surface energy of the solid, an explanation of certain departures from standard fracture mechanics obtained with inelastic materials, and a prediction and explanation of the phenomenon of notch brittleness. Further applications of the theory, such as adhesive failure and fatigue, will be explored in a subsequent paper.
142 citations
01 Feb 1974
TL;DR: A mixed-integer linear programming approach to the planning of electrical-power networks is described, based on an interpretation of fixed-cost transportation-type models, and includes both network security and costs of network losses.
Abstract: A mixed-integer linear programming approach to the planning of electrical-power networks is described. The method is based on an interpretation of fixed-cost transportation-type models, and includes both network security and costs of network losses. Both single-period and multitime-period planning problems are considered. A large general-purpose mathematical programming system is used to obtain solutions using branch-and-bound algorithms, and the practical aspects of organising the problems and controlling the branch-and-bound tree search within a modern m.p.s. package are discussed. Three case studies are presented for illustration: the optimal design of a 132 kV subtransmission system, the optimal time-phased design of the same system over. eight years, and the optimal layout and cable selection for a new housing-estate low-voltage network. The paper concludes by indicating potential further applications of the method for scheduling, for example, new plant at substations.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental and defect properties of a diacetylene polymer have been established by spectroscopic observations of samples ranging from large single crystals to amorphous powders.
121 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that insulin and glucagon control the circulating levels of glucose in the blood and the catecholamines are also able to effect a rapid glycogenolysis, possibly providing for increased glucose supplies during periods of predatory activity.
81 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that young fish exhibited a similar differential in their infestations, and that rainbow trout did not appear to be age-resistant, whereas brown trout of the same age carried one-tenth the number of flukes and were clear eyed.
Abstract: Trout collected from the Hanningfield Trout Farm in Essex, England, were found to be infected with Diplostomum spathaceum. Yearling rainbow trout were blinded with heavy infections of eyefluke, whereas brown trout of the same age carried one-tenth the number of flukes and were clear eyed. Both species were reared under identical conditions, in parallel rearing channels which received water from a common source. Samples showed that young fish exhibited a similar differential in their infestations, and that rainbow trout did not appear to be age-resistant. Laboratory infections produced by exposure of fish to suspensions of cercariae and injection of cercariae into the body cavity reflected the field results, indicating that ecological factors were not involved. Recovery of cercariae from host tissues, and histological observations of similar numbers entering both hosts, indicated that cercariae were able to survive penetration. Excised eye preparations were equally susceptible to infection. Two cm fry of both species were shown to be highly susceptible. Migration in brown trout took 3 h longer than in rainbow trout of the same size, many cercariae being found in the heart during this time. Two mechanisms of insusceptibility were suggested: (1) a greater impenetrability of brown trout tissues; (2) a disorientation of migrating cercariae in brown trout.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the discontinuous or cellular precipitation reaction in Cu 181 wt % Be 028 Wt % Co with transmission electron microscopy with the use of a particle filter.
Abstract: The discontinuous or cellular precipitation reaction in Cu 181 wt % Be 028 wt % Co has been investigated with transmission electron microscopy The discontinuous precipitate, designated asγI, is nucleated at grain boundaries and grows into adjoining grains, in contrast to the continuously formedγ′ intermediate precipitate, which has a similar structure, lattice parameter and orientation After extensive ageing treatments at 425‡ C, a transformation to the equilibrium precipitateγ occurs The extent of discontinuous precipitation depends upon temperature, as below 380‡ C continuous precipitation is the major mechanism, whereas above 380‡ C discontinuous precipitation predominates
71 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate a greater sensitivity of the European silver eel to codfish rather than bovine insulin, and point to the possibility of an important role of insulin in the metabolic control of the initial phases of its spawning migration.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new theory of propagation and scattering of light in fluids is formulated based on a resummation of the Kirkwood-Yvon series expansion for the dielectric constant.
TL;DR: It is suggested that at present 5 FC is the drug of choice for candidosis and cryptococcosis, providing careful laboratory monitoring is maintained, while clotrimazole or miconazole is preferable in the therapy of lung aspergilloses.
Abstract: The need for safe systemic antifungal drugs has been emphasised by the increase in opportunistic systemic mycoses, many of which have iatrogenic origins. 5-Fluorocytosine (5 FC) and the imidazoles miconazole and clotrimazole have been extensively investigated; they have contrasting in vitro and clinical properties. 5 FC is active only against Candida, Cryptocci and other yeast-like fungi; wild strains of these species with resistance to 5 FC are not uncommon, and resistant variants emerge readily under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Aspergillus spp. and dermatophytes are relatively resistant. Oral administration of 5 FC results in high serum and tissue levels, and there are many reports of its successful clinical use without serious side effects. An intravenous preparation is available. The imidazoles have wide in vitro activity against almost all fungi of medical interest, including Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and dermatophytes. Wild resistance to them is extremely rare and it is difficult to induce the emergence of resistant variants. Following oral administration, low active serum and urine levels are recorded. Both drugs have been used successfully to treat systemic candidoses and aspergilloses; no serious side effects are recorded following miconazole, but disturbing effects are common following systemic clotrimazole therapy. Both drugs are very successful when used topically and an experimental intravenous preparation of miconazole is now available. The use and prospects for the three drugs is discussed; it is suggested that at present 5 FC is the drug of choice for candidosis and cryptococcosis, providing careful laboratory monitoring is maintained, while clotrimazole or miconazole is preferable in the therapy of lung aspergilloses.
TL;DR: The Young's modulus of longitudinal bovine tibia compact bone specimens (both ‘wet’ and ‘dry’) has been determined with two different microstrain measuring techniques.
TL;DR: Sera from 2225 patients, 107 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 2118 with other diseases, were screened for alpha 1 -fetoprotein in serum by a sensitive countercurrent immunoelectrophoretic technique, and the screening technique described here seems to be adequate for the detection of hepatoblastoma in most cases.
TL;DR: The overall oxygen consumption of intact Porcellio scaber may reflect the summation of ‘cellular’ and ‘organismic’ metabolic components which account for approximately equal proportions of the total metabolism at the normal environmental temperature range of 10–15°C.
Abstract: 1. There is a well-defined time sequence in the oxygen consumption of Porcellio scaber. A maximal rate (the 'active rate') is obtained in woodlice subjected to the maximal disturbance of food presentation, handling and light. After initial exploratory activity has ceased, the oxygen consumption declines through a series of 'excited rates' towards the 'standard rate' which is approached after 2-3 hr equilibration in a respirometer. 2. The rate following starvation for 1-3 days is similar to the standard rate. 3. Thermal acclimation has no significant effect on the slope or the level of the rate: temperature curves for the excited or the standard rate of oxygen consumption of Porcellio scaber. 4. The rate: temperature curves for active, excited and standard oxygen consumption of Porcellio scaber have a double sigmoid form with high temperature coefficients at the extremes of the experimental temperature range. 5. The respiration rate of a homogenate of Porcellio scaber in the presence of 9.0 mM succinate is intermediate between the active and standard rate of the intact animal. 6. The maximum scope for activity is highest at 10-15°C and falls towards both higher and lower experimental temperatures. 7. The overall oxygen consumption of intact Porcellio scaber may reflect the summation of 'cellular' and 'organismic' metabolic components which account for approximately equal proportions of the total metabolism at the normal environmental temperature range of 10-15°C. Below this temperature the cellular component is predominant whilst at the upper limits of the experimental temperature range oxidative metabolism is represented solely by the organismic component.
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of thin films of isotactic polystyrene have been determined using transmission electron microscopy and morphological changes accompanying crystallization have also been investigated as a function of solvent, supercooling and strain prior to crystallization.
TL;DR: The facial lesions of a boy with primary lipoid proteinosis were successfully treated by dermabrasion, chemical skin peeling, and blepharoplasty.
Abstract: SUMMARY
The facial lesions of a boy with primary lipoid proteinosis were successfully treated by dermabrasion, chemical skin peeling, and blepharoplasty.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the Geographical Geography of Social Well-Beings (GOSWBE), a survey of social well-being in the social sciences.
Abstract: (1974). THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOCIAL WELL-BEING. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 603-605.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that all 2-generator groups and all soluble groups have zero presentation rank and that there do not exist any groups with non-zero presentation rank.
TL;DR: In this article, a more precise form of Theorem 1 of [2] was given, which gives a structure theorem for subgroups of HNN groups; this was later extended in [3] and [4].
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to give a more precise form of Theorem 1 of [2], which gives a structure theorem for subgroups of HNN groups; we prove the following.Let H be a subgroup of the HNN group . Then H is an HNN group whose base is a tree product of groups H ∪ wAw-1 where w runs over a set of double coset representatives of (H,A); the amalgamated and associated subgroups are all of the form H ∊ vUiv-l for some v. We can be more precise about which subgroups occur and about the tree product. We will also obtain stronger forms of other results in [1] and [2].
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: Learning control techniques based on a) decision theory and b) adaptive threshold logic are investigated in a real application, the control of a steam engine and it is shown that the human operator can be a good teacher if he is allowed to communicate using natural language.
Abstract: Learning control techniques based on a) decision theory and b) adaptive threshold logic are investigated in a real application, the control of a steam engine. The results bring out two major difficulties in the application. One of these is due to imperfect teaching. It is shown however that the human operator can be a good teacher if he is allowed to communicate using natural language.
TL;DR: It is interpreted to mean that sup-1 and sup-2 act indirectly to circumvent the metabolic lesion caused by any met-1 mutation whereas sup-3 and Sup-5 are missense informational suppressors involving modified tRNA species which specifically mistranslate the met- 1-1 mutant codon.
Abstract: The met-1-1 mutation in Coprinus lagopus is known to be suppressed by five recessive non-allelic suppressor genes (sup-1 to sup-5). Two of these genes complement normally in heterozygotes but the other three fail to complement each other in any combination. Four of the suppressor genes, sup-1, sup-2, sup-3 and sup-5, were tested for ability to suppress met-1-2 a second met-1 mutation. Non-identity of the two met-1 alleles was first confirmed by demonstrating intragenic recombination. The complementing suppressors, sup-1 and sup-2, proved to be allele unspecific and suppressed both met-1 mutations. The non-complementing suppressors, sup-3 and sup-5, were allele specific and could only suppress the met-1-1 mutation. This is interpreted to mean that sup-1 and sup-2 act indirectly to circumvent the metabolic lesion caused by any met-1 mutation whereas sup-3 and sup-5 are missense informational suppressors involving modified tRNA species which specifically mistranslate the met-1-1 mutant codon.
TL;DR: In this paper, X-rays from the K α transition (2P → 1S) of the π − d mesic atom have been observed and their energy, 2592.8 −2.6, has been measured by the critical absorber technique, using the M V absorption edge in bismuth.
TL;DR: In this paper, the B3Π(0+) ← X1Σ+ system of 79Br35Cl and 81br35Cl were photographed at high resolution and direct least-mean square fits of the measured line frequencies were made to determine band origins and rotational constants in the ranges 1 ≤ v″ ≤ 7, 2 ≤ v′ ≤ 8.
TL;DR: In this article, two batches of LiF crystals, one essentially pure and the other doped with 140 p.p.m. of Mg, were cooled from high temperature at different rates.
Abstract: Two batches of LiF crystals, one essentially pure, and the other doped with 140 p.p.m. of Mg, were cooled from high temperature at different rates. The mechanical properties of these crystals were investigated in the temperature range 77 to 360 K. The results obtained are analysed and discussed in terms of the theory of interaction between dislocations and tetragonal defects for which improved expressions are derived. Good agreement is obtained between the predictions of the theory and experimental results. It is concluded that the thermally-activated deformation and low-temperature dislocation mobility are controlled by the interaction between dislocations and Mg2+ vacancy dipoles. The largest concentration of isolated Mg2+-vacancy dipoles is retained in the doped fast-cooled crystals which have the largest yield stress at low temperatures. It is estimated that in the doped slowly-cooled crystals one sixth of the total number of Mg2+ ions aggregate into complexes (containing more than 10 ions) w...
TL;DR: In this article, a shock tube technique was used to assess the impact fracture of bovine femur compact bone, in the form of cylindrical tube specimens, and the effect of wall thickness on the fracture pressure was established.
Abstract: A shock tube technique was utilized to assess the impact fracture of bovine femur compact bone, in the form of cylindrical tube specimens. The effect of wall thickness on the fracture pressure was established and an unique hoop stress (= 18.0 MN m−2) for fracture obtained. In addition, the effect of crack length and radius of curvature of the crack tip on the fracture hoop stress was established, together with a determination of Young's modulus at the shock loading rate. The possible correlations of these results with fracture mechanics concepts are discussed.
TL;DR: Canaries were transferred from short to long daily photoperiods and the testicular size and plasma LH were monitored at intervals and circulating levels varied markedly- and consistently from one individual to another.
TL;DR: In this paper, an expression for the boundary value of the chemical driving force at the crack tip is derived for the flux of vacancies to the crack and hence the crack-tip velocity.