Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

About: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services is a education organization based out in Tehran, Iran. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 19456 authors who have published 33659 publications receiving 365676 citations.

Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran

Abstract: Background: The occurrence of anosmia/hyposmia during novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may indicate a relationship between coincidence of olfactory dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the frequency of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Methods: This population-based cross sectional study was performed through an online questionnaire from March 12 to 17, 2020. Cases from all provinces of Iran voluntarily participated in this study. Patients completed a 33-item patient-reported online questionnaire, including smell and taste dysfunction and their comorbidities, along with their basic characteristics and past medical histories. The inclusion criteria were self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during the past 4 weeks, from the start of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Results: A total of 10 069 participants aged 32.5±8.6 (7-78) years took part in this study, of them 71.13% women and 81.68% nonsmokers completed the online questionnaire. The correlation between the number of olfactory disorders and reported COVID-19 patients in all provinces up to March 17, 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.87, P< 0.001). A sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 76.24% of the participations and persistent anosmia in 60.90% from the start of COVID19 epidemic. In addition, 80.38% of participants reported concomitant olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions. Conclusion: An outbreak of olfactory dysfunction occurred in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanisms by which anosmia/hyposmia occurred in patients with COVID-19 call for further investigations.

Prevalence of peri‐implantitis in patients not participating in well‐designed supportive periodontal treatments: a cross‐sectional study

Abstract: Objectives This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of biologic complications of implants in patients treated by fixed implant supported prosthesis without regular maintenance program. Materials and methods One hundred thirty-four patients with 478 implants, installed during a 10-year period (2001-2010), were recruited for clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations. The periodontal and implant health status were assessed to determine the prevalence of peri-implant diseases. Results The mean ± SD loading time for implants was 4.43 ± 2.25 years. Fifty-five percentage of the implants were tissue-level implants. Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in 20% of patients and 8.8% of implants. Subject-based and implant-based prevalence of mucositis amounted to 48.5% and 40%, respectively. Mean crestal bone loss in tissue-level and bone-level implants were 0.28 ± 0.53 mm and 1.37 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. Smoking and lack of keratinized mucosa was associated with peri-implantitis at an odds ratio of OR = 2.57 and 3.89, respectively. Conclusions After a 5-year period of loading without any regular maintenance program, one out of five patients would experience peri-implantitis. Tissue-level implants had lower values of peri-implantitis prevalence and crestal bone loss.

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains simultaneously isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains simultaneously isolated from humans, animals, food, and the environment. Methods: Studies on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library published from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2018 were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the modified critical appraisal checklist recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. All analyses were conducted using Biostat's Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0. Depending on the heterogeneity test for each antibiotic, we used a random- or fixed-effect model for pooled prevalence of drug resistance. Studies were eligible if they had investigated and reported resistance in two or more isolation sources (human, animal, food, or environment). To decrease heterogeneity and bias, we excluded studies that had reported E. coli drug resistance isolated from one source only. We included publications that reported drug resistance with minimum inhibitory concentration or disk diffusion method (DDM) as antibiotic-susceptibility tests. Results: Of the 39 included studies, 20 used the DDM and 19 minimum inhibitory concentration for their antibiotic-susceptibility testing. Colistin had the lowest prevalence, with 0.8% (95% CI 0.2%-3.8%) and amoxicillin the highest, with 70.5% (95% CI 57.5%-81%) in isolated human E. coli strains tested with the DDM. To assess historical changes in antimicrobial drug resistance, subgroup analysis from 2000 to 2018 showed a significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance. Conclusion: Monitoring and evaluating antibiotic-sensitivity patterns and preparation of reliable antibiotic strategies may lead to better outcomes for inhibition and control of E. coli infections in different regions of the world.

Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Preterm Birth

Abstract: Despite the increased survival and decreased morbidity in Low Birth Weight infants, the social and economic burden associated with poor neurodevelopment prognosis are other sequels of these infants; LBW infants are at higher risk of problems such as major neuro-sensory deficits, cerebral palsy, cogni tive and speech delays, motor and visual deficits, psycho-social and behavioral disorders, and dysfunctioning at school. Most children with the history of LBW suffer from multiple disabilities, and this disability continues during school age and also beyond it. The majority of them are in need of intensive and continuous care. In line with the need to reduce infant mortality, the need to reduce the complications of LBW and premature infants should be considered by the policymakers of health system. This article aims to review the developmental outcomes of preterm and LBW infants.

Medication errors of nurses in the emergency department.

Abstract: Patient safety is one of the main concepts in the field of healthcare provision and a major component of health services quality. One of the important stages in promotion of the safety level of patients is identification of medication errors and their causes. Medical errors such as medication errors are the most prevalent errors that threaten health and are a global problem. Execution of medication orders is an important part of the treatment and care process and is regarded as the main part of the nurses' performance. The purpose of this study was to explore the medication error reporting rate, error types and their causes among nurses in the emergency department. In this descriptive study, 94 nurses of the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex were selected based on census in 2010-2011. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts: demographic information, and types and causes of medication errors. After confirming content-face validity, reliability of the questionnaire was determined to be 0.91 using Cronbach's alpha test. Data analyses were performed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. SPSS-16 software was used in this study and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The mean age of the nurses was 27.7 ± 3.4 years, and their working experience was 7.3 ± 3.4 years. Of participants 46.8% had committed medication errors in the past year, and the majority (69.04%) had committed the errors only once. Thirty two nurses (72.7%) had not reported medication errors to head nurses or the nursing office. The most prevalent types of medication errors were related to infusion rates (33.3%) and administering two doses of medicine instead of one (23.8%). The most important causes of medication errors were shortage of nurses (47.6%) and lack of sufficient pharmacological information (30.9%). This study showed that the risk of medication errors among nurses is high and medication errors are a major problem of nursing in the emergency department. We recommend increasing the number of nurses, adjusting the workload of the nursing staff in the emergency department, retraining courses to improve the staff's pharmacological information, modification of the education process, encouraging nurses to report medical errors and encouraging hospital managers to respond to errors in a constructive manner in order to enhance patient safety.