Institution
Social Science Research Council
Nonprofit•New York, New York, United States•
About: Social Science Research Council is a nonprofit organization based out in New York, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 182 authors who have published 275 publications receiving 13533 citations. The organization is also known as: ssrc.org/ & ssrc.org.
Topics: Population, Politics, Government, Latin Americans, Human rights
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a scale of comparative distances between all pairs of stimuli is obtained, which is analogous to the scale of stimuli obtained in the traditional paired comparisons methods, but instead of locating each stimulus-object on a given continuum, the distances between each pair of stimuli are located on a distance continuum.
Abstract: Multidimensional scaling can be considered as involving three basic steps. In the first step, a scale of comparative distances between all pairs of stimuli is obtained. This scale is analogous to the scale of stimuli obtained in the traditional paired comparisons methods. In this scale, however, instead of locating each stimulus-object on a given continuum, the distances between each pair of stimuli are located on a distance continuum. As in paired comparisons, the procedures for obtaining a scale of comparative distances leave the true zero point undetermined. Hence, a comparative distance is not a distance in the usual sense of the term, but is a distance minus an unknown constant. The second step involves estimating this unknown constant. When the unknown constant is obtained, the comparative distances can be converted into absolute distances. In the third step, the dimensionality of the psychological space necessary to account for these absolute distances is determined, and the projections of stimuli on axes of this space are obtained. A set of analytical procedures was developed for each of the three steps given above, including a least-squares solution for obtaining comparative distances by the complete method of triads, two practical methods for estimating the additive constant, and an extension of Young and Householder's Euclidean model to include procedures for obtaining the projections of stimuli on axes from fallible absolute distances.
1,984 citations
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TL;DR: This article explored the origins of gossip as a mechanism for bonding social groups, tracing these origins back to social grooming among primates, and showed evidence to suggest that, aside from servicing social networks, a key function may be related explicitly to controlling free riders.
Abstract: Conversation is a uniquely human phenomenon. Analyses of freely forming conversations indicate that approximately two thirds of conversation time is devoted to social topics, most of which can be given the generic label gossip. This article first explores the origins of gossip as a mechanism for bonding social groups, tracing these origins back to social grooming among primates. It then asks why social gossip in this sense should form so important a component of human interaction and presents evidence to suggest that, aside from servicing social networks, a key function may be related explicitly to controlling free riders. Finally, the author reviews briefly the role of social cognition in facilitating conversations of this kind.
742 citations
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589 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors add a variable from Robert Jervis's theory of the security dilemma: the variable of whether offensive or defense is perceived to have the advantage, which is called the perceived offensive advantage.
Abstract: Contemporary balance-of-power theory has become too parsimonious to yield determinate predictions about state alliance strategies in multipolarity. Kenneth Waltz's theory predicts only that multipolarity predisposes states to either of two opposite errors, which this article characterizes as chain-ganging and buck-passing. To predict which of these two policies will prevail, it is necessary to complicate Waltz's theory by adding a variable from Robert Jervis's theory of the security dilemma: the variable of whether offense or defense is perceived to have the advantage. At least under the checkerboard geographical conditions in Europe before World Wars I and II, perceived offensive advantage bred unconditional alliances, whereas perceived defensive advantage bred free riding on the balancing efforts of others.
551 citations
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Yale University1, Harvard University2, Duke University3, University of Michigan4, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai5, University of Southern California6, University of California, Irvine7, Pennsylvania State University8, University of Virginia9, Social Science Research Council10, University of Minnesota11, Johns Hopkins University12, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation13, Mount Sinai Hospital14
TL;DR: The range of complex physical and cognitive abilities of older men and women functioning at high, medium and impaired ranges is determined and the psychosocial and physiological conditions that discriminate those in the high functioning group from those functioning at middle or impaired ranges are determined.
523 citations
Authors
Showing all 185 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Paul Jackson | 141 | 1372 | 93464 |
Robin I. M. Dunbar | 111 | 586 | 47498 |
Niels Keiding | 72 | 354 | 21436 |
Peter Warr | 59 | 175 | 18204 |
Richard A. Berk | 58 | 293 | 15288 |
Craig Calhoun | 55 | 297 | 15831 |
Chris W. Clegg | 48 | 137 | 9848 |
Michael Banton | 37 | 166 | 8409 |
Alex de Waal | 35 | 139 | 6348 |
David L. Featherman | 35 | 73 | 8727 |
William Brown | 32 | 94 | 2618 |
John Higley | 27 | 97 | 2483 |
John Rex | 27 | 92 | 3628 |
Terri D. Conley | 26 | 74 | 2112 |
Cyril I. Obi | 25 | 79 | 1724 |