Universidade Estadual de Maringá

About: Universidade Estadual de Maringá is a education organization based out in Maringá, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Floodplain. The organization has 13215 authors who have published 20824 publications receiving 243382 citations.

Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An experimental study in the dog

Abstract: Objective: To study dimensional alterations of the alveolar ridge that occurred following tooth extraction as well as processes of bone modelling and remodelling associated with such change. Material and Methods: Twelve mongrel dogs were included in the study. In both quadrants of the mandible incisions were made in the crevice region of the 3rd and 4th premolars. Minute buccal and lingual full thickness flaps were elevated. The four premolars were hemi-sected. The distal roots were removed. The extraction sites were covered with the mobilized gingival tissue. The extractions of the roots and the sacrifice of the dogs were staggered in such a manner that all dogs contributed with sockets representing 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of healing. The animals were sacrificed and tissue blocks containing the extraction socket were dissected, decalcified in EDTA, embedded in paraffin and cut in the buccal–lingual plane. The sections were stained in haematoxyline–eosine and examined in the microscope. Results: It was demonstrated that marked dimensional alterations occurred during the first 8 weeks following the extraction of mandibular premolars. Thus, in this interval there was a marked osteoclastic activity resulting in resorption of the crestal region of both the buccal and the lingual bone wall. The reduction of the height of the walls was more pronounced at the buccal than at the lingual aspect of the extraction socket. The height reduction was accompanied by a “horizontal” bone loss that was caused by osteoclasts present in lacunae on the surface of both the buccal and the lingual bone wall. Conclusions: The resorption of the buccal/lingual walls of the extraction site occurred in two overlapping phases. During phase 1, the bundle bone was resorbed and replaced with woven bone. Since the crest of the buccal bone wall was comprised solely of bundle this modelling resulted in substantial vertical reduction of the buccal crest. Phase 2 included resorption that occurred from the outer surfaces of both bone walls. The reason for this additional bone loss is presently not understood.

The role of constraints within generalized nonextensive statistics

Abstract: The Gibbs–Jaynes path for introducing statistical mechanics is based on the adoption of a specific entropic form S and of physically appropriate constraints. For instance, for the usual canonical ensemble, one adopts (i) S 1 =−k∑ i p i ln p i , (ii) ∑ipi=1, and (iii) ∑ i p i e i =U 1 ({ei}≡ eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian; U1≡ internal energy). Equilibrium consists in optimizing S1 with regard to {pi} in the presence of constraints (ii) and (iii). Within the recently introduced nonextensive statistics, (i) is generalized into Sq=k[1−∑ipiq]/[q−1] (q→1 reproduces S1), (ii) is maintained, and (iii) is generalized in a manner which might involve piq. In the present effort, we analyze the consequences of some special choices for (iii), and their formal and practical implications for the various physical systems that have been studied in the literature. To illustrate some mathematically relevant points, we calculate the specific heat respectively associated with a nondegenerate two-level system as well as with the classical and quantum harmonic oscillators.

Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases

Abstract: Extracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts. Of these, 10 plant extracts showed varied levels of antibacterial activity. Piper regnellii presented a good activity against Staphylococus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, a moderate activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a weak activity against Escherichia coli. Punica granatum showed good activity on S. aureus and was inactive against the other standard strains. Eugenia uniflora presented moderate activity on both S. aureus and E. coli. Psidium guajava,Tanacetum vulgare, Arctium lappa, Mikania glomerata, Sambucus canadensis, Plantago major and Erythrina speciosa presented some degree of antibacterial activity. Spilanthes acmella, Lippia alba, and Achillea millefolium were considered inactive. Five of the plant extracts presented compounds with Rf values similar to the antibacterial compounds visible on bioautogram. Of these, three plants belong to the Asteraceae family. This may mean that the same compounds are responsible for the antibacterial activity in these plants. Anticandidal activity was detected in nine plant extracts (P. guajava, E. uniflora, P. granatum, A. lappa, T. vulgare, M. glomerata, L. alba, P. regnellii, and P. major). The results might explain the ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

Universities in the marketplace: the commercialization of higher education

Abstract: Nos ultimos 20 anos, universidades tem mudado seu tradicional foco de formacao para cada vez mais enfatizar ensino e pesquisas multidisciplinares estreitamente relacionadas com finalidades praticas e comerciais. Na academia surgem questionamentos acerca dessas mudancas e manifestacoes preocupadas com a crescente tendencia de administrar as atividades universitarias sob o principio empresarial, de alocacao e gestao de recursos baseado no lucro. Universities in the marketplace, de Derek Bok, expresidente da Universidade de Harvard (1971-91), e uma oportuna contribuicao ao debate. As preocupacoes do autor, conhecido tambem pelo lema “se voce pensa que educacao e cara, experimente a ignorância”, estao expressas no prefacio do livro, no qual afirma que as universidades “tem estado muito mais agressivas do que antigamente em tentar ganhar dinheiro de suas atividades de ensino e pesquisa. Muitas instituicoes tem lancado [...] uma variada gama de iniciativas comerciais”. Bok deixa clara sua inquietacao sobre o fato de a recente tendencia mudar o carater academico das instituicoes de ensino superior e comprometer seus essenciais valores de continuada confianca e lealdade para com os professores, os estudantes e o publico em geral. Contra essas tendencias, ele recomenda a adocao de “apropriadas politicas” para limitar seus aspectos negativos. Segundo Bok, o inicio da comercializacao nas universidades data dos principios do seculo XX, o autor menciona as ideias de Thorstein Veblen (1918), os anuncios da Universidade de Chicago para atrair estudantes nos primeiros anos do seculo e a contratacao de um treinador de 26 anos de idade, com um salario igual ao do presidente da Universidade de Harvard em 1905, para mostrar que as atividades comerciais no interior das universidades nao sao um fenomeno recente. Entretanto, tais tendencias cresceram significativamente depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial e com muito mais forca depois da Lei Bayh-Dole (1980) que permitiu que as universidades possuissem a propriedade e licenciassem patentes de inovacoes desenvolvidas a partir do fomento publico de suas atividades. Nos Estados Unidos, a colaboracao entre as universidades e as empresas gerou sucessos comerciais, como o Vale do Silicio, o Triângulo de Pesquisa, o Milagre de Austin e a Rota 128. A comercializacao no interior das universidades, em muitos casos liderada pelas business schools, e refletida em uma serie de tendencias, em que se percebe: 1) a influencia das forcas UNIVERSITIES IN THE MARKETPLACE: THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION